爱上海419论坛-上海后花园论坛-夜上海论坛-上海龙凤419论坛

　　Wang Xudong, Dean of the Palace Museum. He used to be the president and party secretary of Dunhuang Research Institute, mainly engaged in the protection of grottoes, ancient murals and earthen sites, as well as the monitoring, early warning and preventive protection of cultural heritage. Since he was engaged in the protection of cultural relics in 1991, he has presided over the completion of more than 60 national key cultural relics protection and maintenance projects, undertaken nearly 20 national and provincial-level projects, published 6 monographs such as Research on Key Technologies for the Protection of Earth Sites and Research on Ancient Murals, won more than 10 national, provincial-level scientific and technological awards, and was awarded many honorary titles such as "National Excellent Scientific and Technological Workers" and "Top-notch Innovative Talents in Propaganda and Cultural System", and was selected as one of the national 10 million talents projects.

　　Forbidden city architecture. Photo courtesy of the Palace Museum

　　Digital duobaoge Photo courtesy of the Palace Museum

　　editorial comment/note

　　In order to thoroughly study and implement the cultural thoughts of the Supreme Leader, conscientiously implement the spirit of the national conference on propaganda and ideological and cultural work, and implement the spirit of the important speech delivered by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader at the forum on cultural inheritance and development, the "Hundred Forums on Core Values" co-sponsored by Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Education Bureau and Guangming Daily planned a series of lectures around the theme of cultural inheritance and development. This forum came to the Palace Museum to deeply explore the value of the world cultural heritage of the Palace Museum and systematically explain the new meaning of Chinese culture. This lecture is the final work of this series.

　　At the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that it is our new cultural mission in the new era to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point. We should strengthen our cultural self-confidence, take on the mission, work hard, make joint efforts to create a new culture belonging to our time and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

　　As a world cultural heritage, the Forbidden City is the carrier of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years, the gathering place of Chinese excellent traditional culture and the witness of multicultural exchange and integration. Its unique material and cultural heritage fully demonstrates the outstanding continuity, innovation, unity, inclusiveness and peace of Chinese civilization.

　　More than 600 years of palaces and more than 5,000 years of Chinese civilization.

　　The Forbidden City, once the "Forbidden City", was a royal palace building in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Forbidden City was built in 1420, with a history of more than 600 years. It is the epitome of ancient palace architecture in China and the intellectual creation of ancient working people in China. This palace not only embodies our cultural tradition, but also embodies the wisdom accumulated by Chinese in the process of its own development and dealing with the relationship between man and nature and between man and society.

　　The Forbidden City, with a history of more than 600 years, needs to be understood in the process of the emergence and development of civilization. The planning for the construction of the Forbidden City is deeply influenced by Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji, which shows the principles of capital construction that have been followed since ancient times. Kao Gong Ji was written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and Zhou Li was added in the Western Han Dynasty, which became one of the Confucian classics. Its construction order and planning ideas such as "choosing neutral palace" and "ritual system" reflected the value orientation of China traditional culture for more than 5,000 years. In the planning structure stipulated in Kao Gong Ji, the core point is that the palace is the center of the city, so the planning of Beijing city is centered around the palace, that is, the Forbidden City. After the construction of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing is centered on the Forbidden City, and the walls of Miyagi, Inner City and Outer City are interlocking and square, and the Forbidden City shows the grand momentum of "within the country" under the contrast of the walls. The Forbidden City not only inherited the traditional triple city system, but also attached the ancient layout such as "Zuo Zu You She", "Front and Back Bedding" and "Five Doors and Three Dynasties", which reflected the ideal pursuit of Confucianism and became the highest existing model in the development history of ancient Miyagi in China.

　　The design concept of the Forbidden City reflects the idea of "neutralization" pursued by the ancients in China. There is a saying in the Book of Rites, The Doctrine of the Mean: "Those who are moderate are also the foundation of the world; He who is in harmony will achieve the Tao in the world. To be neutral, the status of heaven is awkward, and everything is nurtured. " General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that Chinese culture advocates harmony, and China’s "harmony" culture has a long history, which contains the cosmology of harmony between man and nature, the international view of harmony among all nations, the social view of harmony but difference, and the moral view of kindness among people. After thousands of years of development and accumulation, "neutralization" has gradually sublimated into philosophy, aesthetics and even ethics, and has increasingly become the core category and leading spirit of Chinese traditional culture, and this ideal pursuit of the Chinese nation is concentrated in the Forbidden City. The buildings in the Forbidden City are straight from north to south and symmetrical from left to right. The straight central axis runs through the meridian, and the first three halls and the last three palaces are evenly arranged on the central axis. The first three halls are the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, all of which have the word "harmony" in their names, which embodies the connotation of Chinese traditional culture as harmony between man and nature, social harmony and physical and mental harmony. Whether it is the first three halls of the outer court with the theme of "protecting harmony and harmony" and "seeking harmony",It is also the imperial palace and the third palace, which advocates the cooperation between Gankun and Thailand and the coexistence of all things. The way of neutralization of "keeping harmony in China" is the highest pursuit contained in it. In addition, the Forbidden City carries and carries forward the idea of neutralization, which was formed as early as the pre-Qin period and passed down in later generations, in a unique way and in a special language of the Chinese nation, from the plaque of "Allow to be in a trance" to the Zhonghe Shao music played at important ceremonies.

　　There are more than 1.86 million pieces of cultural relics in the Forbidden City, which span different historical periods from the Neolithic Age to the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times. They also bear the Chinese civilization, embody the spiritual core of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and also reflect the intellectual creation of working people. The source of these cultural relics, on the one hand, depends on the royal collection from generation to generation, and collects the cultural relics of the previous dynasty through the national power of the feudal dynasty; On the one hand, it is to collect from all aspects of society, gather the culture carried by cultural relics into the palace, and then transform the value carried by cultural relics into a culture that combines with the times. There is also one of the biggest sources of cultural relics, which is palace production. In order to meet the needs of their material life and spiritual life, emperors and dignitaries recruited craftsmen from all over the country to make a large number of articles with superb craftsmanship, which gave us a chance to see these exquisite productions today, and at the same time, through these cultural relics, we could understand the spiritual world, life pursuit and cultural interests of the ancients. Another source is the large-scale cultural projects and archives compiled in Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, Yongle Dadian, Sikuquanshu, etc., have collected vast classical documents in history.

　　The Forbidden City is a place where multi-cultures merge. There are more than a dozen religious buildings and sites in the Forbidden City that embody Taoism, Buddhism and Shamanism, such as Qin ‘an Hall, Xianruo Hall, Yuhua Pavilion and Kunning Palace. The national language of the rulers of the Qing dynasty is Manchu; Before and after the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the tradition of alliance and marriage with Mongolian tribes was maintained. After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, the main ethnic group in China was the Han nationality. Therefore, on the plaque hanging in the Forbidden City, you can see Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese. The court dress in Qing Dynasty is also the product of the long-term collision and blending of Manchu culture and Han culture.

　　In the Forbidden City, no matter from its ancient buildings or cultural relics, we can see that in the long history, different ethnic groups have merged and condensed together through culture, forming a big family of the Chinese nation that helps each other and forming a sense of community of the Chinese nation. At the same time, it is also in this process that Chinese culture can innovate and develop. When we come from history, we must look back and remember it, so that we can look at reality and face the future.

　　The cultural symbol of the Chinese nation and the physical witness of mutual learning of civilizations.

　　The Forbidden City is an important symbol of Chinese traditional culture and one of the most iconic symbols of China on the world stage. In the 600-year history of the Forbidden City, its connection with the world has never been interrupted. It can be seen from the collection of cultural relics in the Palace Museum that there are a large number of foreign cultural relics among more than 1.86 million cultural relics. In the long history, the Forbidden City can be said to be a witness to the integration of the world and mutual learning of civilizations.

　　Internationally, the national museum of Britain, the Metropolitan Museum of America, the Louvre Museum in France and other world-famous museums have a wide geographical distribution, and they collect a large number of cultural relics and treasures from all over the world. Different from them, the foreign cultural relics in the Forbidden City have a clear source and a clear vein. None of them are looted treasures, and most of them have entered the collection system of the Ming and Qing palaces as witnesses of peaceful and friendly exchanges between countries.

　　The Palace Museum has a collection of more than 1,500 Chinese and foreign clocks and watches, and their production dates range from the 18th century to the early 20th century. Among them, there are famous works from Britain, France, Switzerland and other countries, as well as fine works from the clock-making office in the Qing Dynasty and Guangzhou, and some products combining Chinese and western styles. Why are there so many "imported" clocks and watches in China court? At first, many of them were gifts brought by foreign missions or organizations. Later, a considerable number of them were "imperial clocks" independently manufactured by the Qing Palace Construction Office. In the 29th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1601), Italian missionary Matteo Ricci presented clocks and watches as gifts for the first time to Emperor Wanli, and since then, a large number of exquisite clocks and watches have continuously entered the courts of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yongzheng emperor in Qing Dynasty was not satisfied with simply using western timekeeping methods, but asked craftsmen to make "watches" that could tell the time during the day and play at night. With the help of westerners, craftsmen in the manufacturing office added devices such as setting and adjusting clocks to create clocks unique to China, so that they can adjust and determine the start, end and interval of each watch according to the length of the night of the 24 solar terms in a year, which perfectly combines the western mechanical device technology with the traditional way of telling time in China.

　　China porcelain is famous far and wide, and it was exported overseas in large quantities at the latest in the Tang Dynasty. However, many people may not know that the blue-and-white porcelain produced in the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty used an imported dye called "Su Ma Li Qing", the main component of which was cobalt oxide, which originated in Persia and was introduced to China in the Yuan Dynasty and began to be used for firing blue-and-white porcelain. In the Ming Dynasty, after Zheng He’s voyage to the West, he brought back a large amount of Su Ma Li Qing minerals to China, so Su Ma Li Qing was widely used for firing blue and white official kiln porcelain in Yongle and Xuande Dynasties. Later, domestic blue-and-white pigments gradually replaced Su Ma Li Qing, forming a new style different from imported materials.

　　In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, more and more western envoys and missionaries came to the Forbidden City. After entering China, these foreigners did as the Romans do, and actively adapted to and integrated into the social life at that time in all aspects such as food, clothing, housing and transportation. From Matteo Ricci, an Italian, to Beijing in 1601, for 237 consecutive years, westerners with professional skills served the Forbidden City. They were engaged in painting, clocks, medicine and other professional work in the palace. Many of the paintings in the Qing Dynasty were painted by western court painters. In the process of communication between Chinese and Western painters, European perspective painting and China’s pen and ink style are integrated, forming a new painting style combining Chinese and Western painting. Different from China’s ink freehand brushwork, the figures, flowers, birds, horses and elephants drawn by western painters such as Lang Shining, He Qingtai, Joseph Panzi and Wang Zhicheng are realistic and lifelike. Such as "Shaolu Tu", "Ben Lu Tu Zhou" and "Gong Xiang Ma Tu Juan" are all excellent works of this kind.

　　What the Forbidden City witnessed is not the narcissism of a single cultural form, but the exchange and integration of cultures from all over the world. The culture of the Forbidden City is not only China’s, but also the world’s. The cultures of various countries exchange, communicate and blend here, and the Chinese civilization exchanges and learns from each other with other civilizations in the world. This eclectic and open-minded attitude towards world civilization fully embodies the inclusiveness and peace of Chinese civilization, and highlights the spirit of Chinese civilization, which never forgets the original, absorbs foreign countries and faces the future.

　　The crystallization of civilization: from royal palace to "people’s museum"

　　The Palace Museum was established in 1925, based on the imperial palaces and their collections in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the same time, it has the characteristics of architecture museum, art museum and history museum, which conforms to the internationally recognized basic principles of "original site protection" and "original display" and is a profound historical and cultural treasure house. With the Revolution of 1911, the abdication of the Qing Emperor Puyi in 1912, the establishment of the Antiquities Exhibition Center in 1914 and the establishment of the Palace Museum on October 10, 1925, the Forbidden City gradually changed from an old royal palace to a "people’s museum" open to the public.

　　The early development of the Palace Museum was very difficult. On October 8, 1928, the Council of the Palace Museum was established, which put the Palace Museum on the right track. The 27-member Council of the Palace Museum has gathered people from all walks of life. Since then, the Palace Museum has taken on the mission of researching, protecting and inheriting Chinese excellent traditional culture.

　　In 1987, the Forbidden City became the first batch of world cultural heritage in China, and the protection and research of the Forbidden City entered the fast lane, among which the most important project was to build a cultural relic warehouse. In the past, cultural relics were preserved in buildings on the ground, so it was difficult to control the temperature and humidity in an ideal state, and it was impossible to completely resist air pollution and dust. It was urgent to find a safe home for cultural relics. At the end of 1980s, the construction of the first and second phase of the cultural relics warehouse was started, and it was built in succession in 1990s. Most precious cultural relics moved to the underground cultural relics warehouse, and now the third phase of the cultural relics warehouse is under construction, and the conditions of the ground warehouse are gradually improved. In the new century, the centennial overhaul of the Forbidden City has been put on the agenda, and it is the central government’s decision-making that has enabled us to see such a magnificent Forbidden City today. In the 1990s, many buildings in the Palace Museum were dilapidated and the environment was poor. After a hundred years of overhaul, together with the cultural relics inventory that lasted for seven years and the Ping ‘an Palace Museum project started in 2013, most of the ancient buildings in the Palace Museum were properly protected, and most of the cultural relics in the collection had a relatively stable preservation environment.

　　Inheritance and Development: The Times Value and Mission of the Forbidden City

　　The important speech delivered by the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the forum on cultural inheritance and development made a comprehensive, systematic and in-depth exposition on a series of major theoretical and practical issues concerning the inheritance and development of Chinese culture. He emphasized that China has a long history and Chinese civilization is profound. Only through a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the history of Chinese civilization can we more effectively promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, more effectively promote the cultural construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

　　The people of the Forbidden City in the new era have taken over the baton of their predecessors and moved on, and gradually formed the guiding ideology of running the hospital in the new era: guided by the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, they adhere to the cultural relics work policy of "protection first, strengthening management, excavating value, making effective use of cultural relics" and truly and completely protect and carry forward the excellent Chinese traditional culture carried by the Forbidden City responsibly. Supported by the construction of "Safe Palace Museum, Academic Palace Museum, Digital Palace Museum and Vitality Palace Museum", the Palace Museum will be built into a world-class museum, a model of world cultural heritage protection, a leader in the integration of culture and tourism, and a Chinese cultural reception room for civilized exchanges and mutual learning.

　　This guiding ideology defines the mission of the Palace Museum, as well as the path and measures to fulfill the mission. We must promote the high-quality development of the protection of the world cultural heritage in the Forbidden City through all advanced scientific and technological means and the construction of "Safe Forbidden City, Academic Forbidden City, Digital Forbidden City and Vitality Forbidden City" to realize the permanent preservation and sustainable inheritance of the heritage.

　　"Safe Forbidden City" is the most basic and primary task. Through the construction of "Safe Forbidden City", we can better implement the idea of "protection first", make full use of science and technology and management means, and truly and completely protect the Forbidden City, a cultural heritage shared by mankind. The "Safe Palace" project was started in 2013 and lasted for 8 years. On the basis of the successful practice of the "Overall Renovation and Protection Project of the Forbidden City", the "Safe Forbidden City" project is a more macroscopic protection engineering system, which aims to further solve the major security problems existing in the Forbidden City, such as fire hazards, theft hazards, earthquake hazards, natural damage of collections, cultural relics warehouses, infrastructure hazards, and audience safety hazards. At the same time, the construction of the North Campus, the basement renovation project, the infrastructure renovation project, the world cultural heritage monitoring project, the Forbidden City, etc. are defined. Since the implementation of the "Safe Forbidden City" project, it has made outstanding achievements, made positive contributions to the construction and development of the Palace Museum, and also marked that the concept of the protection of the Forbidden City from the perspective of "complete Forbidden City" has entered a mature stage.

　　The "Academic Forbidden City" is the core. From its establishment to today, the Palace Museum has always been academic. With an open and inclusive attitude, we have promoted in-depth research in many fields such as the ancient architecture of the Forbidden City, cultural relics collection, archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, court history and culture, and cultural heritage protection, and a large number of academic achievements have been published. We will build a platform for academic exchange, academic publication and personnel training, so that more outstanding talents can gather in the Palace Museum, a big family of academic research. Solidly promote the academic investigation and exchange projects such as the "Talents Program", "The Forbidden City and the Ancient Palace Studies" and "The Forbidden City Scholars Talk about the Forbidden City", and hold the "Workshop for Ancient Palace Studies University Teachers" to attract teachers from universities and research institutions at home and abroad to participate in the study of the ancient palace studies, so that the outstanding value of the world cultural heritage of the Forbidden City can be more completely explained and more "flowing water from the source" can be injected into the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. We also launched an "open project" to invite scholars and professionals from all over the society to study the architecture and cultural relics of the Forbidden City. There were 40 projects in the first phase and 30 projects in this year, which greatly expanded the academic team and academic vision of the Forbidden City research. A stable and energetic academic team that conducts multidisciplinary research around the excellent Chinese traditional culture carried by the Forbidden City, and a number of open and inclusive academic exchange platforms.A series of high-quality academic achievements will promote the academic research of the Palace Museum in the direction of integrity, systematism and openness.

　　The "Digital Forbidden City" is the support. Now is the era of informationization, digitalization and even artificial intelligence, and the Forbidden City has firmly grasped the pulse of this era. The construction of "Digital Forbidden City" can be traced back to more than 20 years ago, starting from the earliest website and database construction. Today, it has formed a huge digital forbidden city system from the basic layer, resource layer to application layer. In this process, we continue to cooperate with enterprises, universities and international institutions to ensure that the Digital Palace Museum will bring forth new ideas in digital collection of cultural relics, database construction and data management. The Palace Museum digitizes its collection of cultural relics at the rate of 70,000 to 80,000 pieces per year. Up to now, it has completed the basic image shooting of more than 900,000 pieces of cultural relics. At present, the digital cultural relics library has published more than 100,000 high-definition images of cultural relics. We offer online digital thematic exhibitions, including "Famous Paintings of the Forbidden City", "Panoramic Forbidden City" and "Digital Treasure Pavilion". This year, we also launched the multilingual website of the Palace Museum, which covers the languages of the five permanent members of the United Nations and will be gradually expanded in the future. You can also enter the world of the digital Forbidden City through the Forbidden City applet, enjoy the beautiful pictures of the Forbidden City, and see the architecture and related explanations of the Forbidden City. At the same time, almost every exhibition in the Forbidden City has a supporting online exhibition, and the audience can use the Forbidden City exhibition App.Enjoy the fun of immersive viewing in the cloud. We have also launched new media products such as "Forbidden City 365", "Playing around the Forbidden City", "Famous Paintings of the Forbidden City" and "Daily Forbidden City", and the digital exhibition and research venue of cultural relics in full digital form "The Digital Hall of the Great Hall of the Forbidden City" will soon be opened to the public. Keeping pace with the development of the times, it is one of our efforts to creatively transform the achievements of academic research into products that people like and can have an impact, so as to better spread them out.

　　"Vitality Palace" is the purpose. Let cultural relics live, that is, let the value contained in cultural relics live, and let the culture carried by cultural relics combine with this era to form the culture of the times. The first way to live is to be open, so that people can walk into the Forbidden City, a world cultural heritage museum, and experience the vastness, continuity and tolerance of Chinese civilization on the spot. According to statistics, from 1949 to — In 2022, the Forbidden City received 468 million visitors, including 2012 — In 2022, the audience was 142 million in this decade. We should not only protect cultural relics, but also let the audience have a good tour experience. We can only limit the carrying capacity of tourists. In order to let more people visit the Forbidden City, we let people see it in the cloud through various online exhibitions and digital communication. Digital theme exhibitions such as "The Riverside Scene on the Qingming Festival 3.0", "Strings for the Road" and "Discovery of hall of mental cultivation" have enabled the multiculturalism carried by the cultural relics of the Forbidden City to take the wings of digital technology and enter thousands of households. We also create dance dramas, musicals, TV feature films, etc. by means of modern art to fully present the colorful culture of the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City, in conjunction with relevant institutions, launched a stage play "Only Green", a children’s musical "You Duan", a TV special program "On the New Forbidden City", "Poetry and Painting China" and "The Forbidden City, Polite", which endowed Chinese excellent traditional culture with new forms of expression and connotation of the times.The Forbidden City also launched high-quality popular science books for young people, such as I’m going to the Forbidden City, the 24 solar terms of the Forbidden City, and The Great Baby of the Forbidden City, telling the stories in the Forbidden City with pictures and pictures, and conveying the socialist core values and growth wisdom by displaying the excellent Chinese traditional culture.

　　Telling the story of China to the international community is a very important mission of the Palace Museum. In the past ten years, the Forbidden City has exhibited 52 cultural relics abroad, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and participated in 21 cultural relics exhibitions organized by overseas cooperative institutions and China Cultural Relics Exchange Center, involving 32 countries and regions (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). At the same time, the Forbidden City actively participated in the "One Belt, One Road" national archaeological project, and cooperated with world-renowned archaeological research institutions such as Kenya National Museum, Kenya Kishi University, and the Archaeological Department of Durham University in the United Kingdom to carry out archaeological investigations and field excavations, so as to inherit the spirit of Silk Road in archaeological cooperation and promote the exchange of civilizations and mutual learning. We have also held international academic forums such as the "Taihe Forum", implemented the "Taihe Scholar Plan" to promote equal dialogue, exchange and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign scholars, built an international joint laboratory and training center, and passed on the development achievements of Chinese culture and contemporary China to the world through personnel exchanges and media publicity brought by cultural "please come in", so that the world can see the three-dimensional China.

　　The Forbidden City culture contributes cultural nutrients to Chinese modernization, which endows it with modern strength. In the new stage of development, the Palace Museum will adhere to the guidance of the supreme leader’s cultural thought and take a more open and inclusive attitude to protect and inherit the cultural heritage shared by mankind. At the same time, we should earnestly shoulder the new cultural mission, promote the implementation of global civilization initiatives with the cultural charm of the Forbidden City on the world stage, and contribute China wisdom and Chinese strength to building a community of human destiny.

　　(Guangming. com reporter Zhang Lijun finishing)

Late confession

Our reporter Wang Jingjing.

Song Jichao, a retired propaganda cadre in Handan, Hebei, decided to apologize to the teacher for the third time.

At that time, the Red Guards asked him to expose "the dutiful son and grandson of the landlord class" and Guo Kai, a Chinese teacher in junior high school. This young man blurted out three "evidence of guilt", which, in his words, was like "three arrows in the back" that stabbed the teacher. During the criticism, Mr. Guo’s ears were almost torn off.

Over the years, Song Jichao has been looking for an opportunity to apologize to the teacher. For the first time, I didn’t say it on my lips; The second time, I wrote an article for the newspaper and failed to publish it. Now, the teacher has already passed away and Song Jichao has retired, but at the age of 64, he still can’t let it go.

Zhang Hongbing, 59, was also burdened with heavy psychological shackles because of an exposure. During the "Cultural Revolution", he and his father reported his mother’s "reactionary remarks" to military representatives, resulting in her being shot. He kept this secret carefully until he started publishing it on his blog four years ago. In a recent interview with the media, he said that because "there is nowhere to escape if you want to escape, you must face it".

This summer, more than one person will make an apology public. One day in mid-June, Song Jichao received an e-mail, asking him to talk about a piece of news. The hero in the news is Liu Boqin, a 61-year-old Shandong man. He paid for an advertisement in a magazine and publicly apologized to the principals, teachers, classmates and neighbors who were criticized and copied by himself during the Cultural Revolution.

"Seeing this written by Lao Liu, I feel that I have to write one at once!" On a hot noon in Handan, Song Jichao sat on the sofa at home, patting his thigh and said excitedly. Afraid of missing the opportunity again, he replied directly in the email: "I also want to apologize, and I want to say sorry to Guo Kai, the Chinese teacher in junior high school …"

A week later, Wen Qingfu of Hunan, Lu Jiashan of Shandong and Lei Yinglang of Fujian respectively apologized to those who had been hurt during the Cultural Revolution. These old people who have never met each other had irrational choices during the Cultural Revolution. After a long time, now they have made the same choice-apology.

Despite the "Cultural Revolution" environment, personal responsibility for evil cannot be lost.

Exposing the junior high school teacher, even Song Jichao is the wife of a junior high school classmate, is not clear. When chatting with old classmates, everyone will also talk about what happened in those days, which teacher was beaten, or something interesting during the "big series", "all of them can be on the desktop."

However, whenever Miss Guo is mentioned, Song Jichao feels guilty. Some words have been kept in his heart and have been "turned upside down for many times."

In Song Jichao’s impression, Guo Jie, a Chinese teacher, is thin and short, and speaks with a strong accent from a neighboring county, but he is funny in class and is very popular with students. The landlord’s son knew that he was born in a bad family. In order to pursue progress, he wrote the words "Long live Chairman Mao" on paper, made a slide show and projected it on the earthen wall in the village, and climbed the ladder to draw a big slogan one by one.

At that time, Song Jichao often huddled with seven or eight classmates in the teacher’s dormitory to "cook". Guo Jie once spent three weekends telling the story of "sleeping on a salary and tasting courage"; When talking about "knowledge is power", he said that knowledge is not necessarily academic qualifications and diplomas. People with high academic qualifications can only be counselors, but people with low academic qualifications can be leaders. He encourages every student to choose a life path according to his own conditions. Those with poor academic performance can take the initiative to ask to go to the countryside.

These three things became "evidence" for Song Jichao to expose the teacher in the future. Many years later, he repented in his novels and essays, but he never heard them from the teacher and had no chance to publish them.

"Lao Liu is equal to raising a topic." Song Jichao affectionately addressed the strange peer in the distance. "Now that we understand human nature and conscience, we have to look back at how naive we were."

Liu Boqin was the first of these people to publish an apology advertisement in the newspaper. At the beginning of this year, he rarely attended a class reunion. Although so many years have passed, he will still be embarrassed to see the "black five" classmates who were robbed by him.

Southern Metropolis Daily restored some details of the party. "Say a word of conscience, I’m sorry for them. I really want to meet them and apologize to them. " At the dinner table, Liu Boqin said to one of his classmates. A few months later, he published an apology advertisement in Yanhuang Chunqiu magazine. "In the old age, I have to reflect deeply. Although there is a reason for the’ Cultural Revolution’ environment, the personal responsibility for doing evil cannot be lost," he wrote.

This sentence makes Wen Qingfu in Changsha, more than 1000 kilometers away, very touched. In February this year, he also wrote a blog to apologize to his colleagues and teachers who had hurt him, and submitted the article to the editorial department of Happy Old Man. "In fact, my apology has been around for a long time, and the blame of conscience is the main thing." At the age of 67, he said.

Editor Zou Dongfeng has been looking for a suitable publication time. Similar contributions are very rare, and he wants to collect such articles into a theme and arouse more people’s resonance. Liu Boqin’s apology advertisement became an opportunity. He immediately posted a call for papers in the QQ group of readers, and two old people from Shandong and Fujian sent emails.

Zou Dongfeng also wrote an editor’s note for these three articles: "For the Cultural Revolution, an apology may not make up for anything, but the injury may be forgiven. In fact, this apology is not absent in the hearts of the witnesses, but lacks the courage to be open. In this confession we included, this apology is quite heavy! "

Heavy memories began in 1966. One day in November, Song Jichao, an activist of the "Cultural Revolution", was editing the Red Rebel Corps newspaper in a high school classroom when three or four Red Guards suddenly came in.

"Guo Kai is a filial son and grandson of the landlord class. He has been criticized at school. You were his most familiar student. You should know his problems best. I hope you will actively expose them." The red guards said.

"Then let me tell you something." At that time, the gable of high school was covered with posters criticizing the teacher. Song Jichao felt that Guo Kai did have problems. He misinterpreted the three sentences that the teacher said as "crying for Peng Dehuai; Slander the great leader and attack the command of the proletariat; Distort the instructions of the leaders and belittle the revolutionary actions of going to the countryside. " Say that finish, he also pressed the handprint.

"Think about it again and tell us something." The red guards left with satisfaction. Before long, Song Jichao heard that Guo Jie was caught on the platform, with a heavy brand hanging around his neck and his ears bleeding.

"The three things I said were very crucial, which made Teacher Guo suffer." Recalling here, Song Jichao smiled wryly. But at that time, he just thought, "You shouldn’t pull people’s ears."

At that time, Song Jichao’s peers were "revolting". Wen Qingfu posted a big-character poster of the person in charge of the school party branch, and also took people to copy their colleagues’ homes. Liu Boqin and a group of people broke into the "Black Five" classmate’s house, smashed the photo of the classmate’s grandmother, and confiscated 200 yuan’s cash hidden behind the photo frame.

This experience later became a "hurdle" in their hearts.

"Now summing up and reviewing the’ Cultural Revolution’, most of them require the declassification of the upper insider. In fact, it is necessary for the whole people to sum up history and put themselves in it. Why does everyone behave differently in the same environment? " Wen Qingfu said.

It’s like a scar. Do you want to expose it or not?

In 1984, I heard that Guo Kai was admitted to the hospital in Handan because of cerebral thrombosis. Song Jichao, who was already an officer, took an apple and went to see him with several classmates.

As early as ten years ago, Song Jichao had realized that he had "done something wrong". At that time, Song Jichao’s faction failed to seize power, and he left home to become a soldier. In 1971, the troops suddenly entered a state of first-class combat readiness, ready to pack their backpacks at any time and stand guard and patrol at night.

Comrades are guessing what happened, and it was not until after the National Day that the central document was officially conveyed. Lin Biao, the "deputy commander in chief", fled and crashed in Windur Khan, Mongolia.

Song Jichao was so surprised that he couldn’t turn it for a long time. "I feel very boring in my heart. I actively engaged in sports and finally failed. Lin Biao became a traitor and history made a big joke! I woke up. It’s ridiculous. It’s disgusting to think of exposing Miss Guo! I feel very hateful, how can I be so stupid and so fanatical? "

Song Jichao began to want to know about Guo Kai’s recent situation, but he was afraid to go back to his alma mater, so he could only quietly ask his classmates about the teacher. He heard that Mr. Guo had overcome the difficulties and had returned to school to continue teaching. He also heard that Mr. Guo was very weak and suffered from various chronic diseases. He wanted to find an opportunity to explain it to the teacher, and he waited for more than ten years.

In fact, shortly after the end of the "Cultural Revolution", apologies began. An old man who felt guilty and had apologized, but didn’t want his name to appear in the media again and again recalled: "At the beginning, when we said we wanted to take the exam, we went to the teacher to teach us in our spare time. At that time, we apologized,’ Teacher, don’t take it to heart in the past’. I saw a student in our school who was a few years older than me. When I went back to school to see the teacher, I apologized. "

Song Jichao also heard that just after the "Cultural Revolution", a classmate who hit someone in high school went to the teacher’s house to apologize, but the teacher just said coldly, "I don’t need your apology, just go."

"The teacher may think that his character is not good, and apologizing is posturing." Song Jichao analysis, all in a city, some people are afraid of the teacher to find after the account, so take the initiative to apologize, especially included in the "beating, smashing and looting", belonging to the clean-up object, afraid of others reporting, more careful.

Song Jichao said he didn’t hit anyone. But before going to the hospital, he was hesitant to say whether it was good or not. In fact, he has organized the language: "At that time, I just wanted to rebel and lost my head, distorting the facts, going online and talking nonsense."

Can walk into the ward, see lying in bed Guo Jie, the young teacher who used to write poetry, play music and love playing basketball, has become a thin "little old man", Song Jichao just called "Miss Guo", and tears fell.

"Needless to say, the teacher will be the happiest if you can come to see him." Although he is only 50 years old, after a stroke and a fall, Guo Kai has become a little fluent. He looked at Song Jichao, once the most proud student and a little bald, and asked, "How are you in the army? Work hard and continue to write more articles."

At this time, it has been 18 years since they last met.

Sitting next to the hospital bed, looking at Guo Jie’s weakness, Song Jichao felt that he was one of the people who harmed the teacher. But until the teacher was discharged from the hospital, he didn’t say an apology. "The teacher didn’t say this, and the students asked how to treat it. I explained it alone, which was too abrupt. This thing is like a scar. Do you want to expose it or not? When he was hospitalized, no one revealed it, and then there was no chance. "

After returning to the army, raymond Chao wrote a novel based on himself and his teacher, entitled In front of the teacher’s bed, but he never got a chance to publish it. At the end of the story, the hero said, "I hope the teacher will recover soon and live a long and healthy life."

In that world, he still failed to say sorry.

In Penglai, Shandong Province, Lu Jiashan, who just became a postman, also lost this opportunity. Also in 1984, he met his primary school teacher in the street, and the retired teacher pushed his bicycle to sell ice cream to supplement his family. During the "Cultural Revolution", Lu Jiashan exposed the teacher’s corporal punishment of his classmates and swollen the students’ palms with a pointer. After that, he kicked two feet at the teacher.

"At that time, you have to speak. If you don’t speak, you can’t join the Red Xiaobing." On the phone, Lu Jiashan finished with a strong Shandong accent and smiled a little embarrassedly.

Lu Jiashan took out 10 yuan money and wanted to give it to the teacher, but the teacher just didn’t want it. When I mentioned this past, the teacher who was over 60 years old shook his head and said, "I am old, and I don’t remember anything. At that time, you were all teenagers. Who hasn’t got a temper yet?" The key is that now that you are grown up, it is very good to earn money to support your family. "

Lu Jiashan didn’t know what to say. He stepped back two steps and bowed to the teacher.

After more than 40 years, what is the significance of publishing it in many newspapers and online?

Another 18 years later, Song Jichao wrote what he couldn’t say at that time. In 2002, a newspaper held an essay activity, and he wrote "Three Poisonous Arrows for Life" based on his own experience.

At the end of the article, he wrote: "Mr. Guo, I have called to heaven countless times: forgive you, a worthless disciple!" Today, I would like to call to the teacher again: forgive this black sheep! If there is a heaven or an afterlife, I would like to follow you forever! "

At this time, Guo Kai has been dead for more than 8 years. Song Jichao learned the news afterwards. He heard that there were no students to see the teacher off.

Unfortunately, this article was not published in the end. "I always remember this matter. If it was published at that time, I would be a little relieved, and I won’t write it again this time. I want the whole country to know that I have done such a despicable thing. Although there is that big environment, this thing should not be done. "

For those things in the past, WenQingFu already don’t want to mention. In 1995, he drew two big birthday peaches for his old headmaster who posted posters, and went to Yiyang city by car, asking the uncle in the school reception room to hand them over. Although he didn’t get a reply, he felt a little better. A few years later, he went to the United States on a business trip. When he visited the church, he saw many Christians waiting in line to confess, thinking that "confession is a good thing". After returning to China, Wen Qingfu bought a Bible. "Communist party member is an atheist, but it cannot be ruled out that religious belief touches the individual soul," he once told the media.

Over the years, Wen Qingfu likes to read the memoirs of Ba Jin, Hu Shi and Liang Shuming in his later years and has always wanted to write an apology article. "The’ Cultural Revolution’ has been more than 40 years since now. The young people of that year have become old, and the elderly like to recall and reflect." He hopes that his experience can become a fortune for his children and young people.

He still remembers that during the Cultural Revolution, a propaganda worker pulled out a teacher’s tooth with iron tongs. "At that time, there were a lot of spectators, and I didn’t dare to condemn him. Me too. Is this the national character that Lu Xun talked about? I also have, for example, leading people to catch colleagues, but I am not willing to lag behind, keep up with the trend and make a good future. It is not selfish to only care about yourself and others being brutally persecuted. What is this? " He reflected.

In 2009, Wen Qingfu expressed it in words for the first time in his diary: "I became an accomplice in persecuting Mr. Zhang’s family, and now I feel really guilty when I think about it."

"I think, like our public apology, one thing is common, that is, I can’t get through this hurdle, I always feel sorry for others, and I can’t get through it if I don’t say it, and the more I see someone apologizing publicly, I can’t get through it." The old man who didn’t want to be named again said.

But not everyone supports this idea. After Liu Boqin’s apology advertisement was published, his son said to his father in an email: "The advertising fee is very worthwhile. You are a celebrity now." Followed by a wry smile emoji. Some students also asked him, "Why are you fiddling with this?"

On the Internet, I saw a report in The Beijing News that "the lawyer repented of the Cultural Revolution and reported that his mother was shot". Zhang Hongbing’s cousin couldn’t understand this self-disclosure. He sent a short message to his cousin: "I really don’t know: after more than 40 years, what’s the significance of publishing it in many newspapers and online? Personally, I understand that people over the age of 40 will think that it is a big violation, and people under the age of 40 are listening to people’ talking about ancient books’, and what’s more, they will mock us. " Zhang Hongbing’s wife once said to him, "Why talk about the past?"? We didn’t have a good time today. "

But the winter of 1970 was like a recurring nightmare for Zhang Hongbing. On that cold night, at the age of 16, he joined his father to expose his mother Fang Zhongmou’s remarks that "I just want to reverse Liu Shaoqi’s conviction". At the end of the letter of accusation, the teenager at that time wrote: "Down with the current counter-revolutionary Fang Zhongmou! Shoot Fang Zhongmou! "

He still clearly remembers that after the public trial meeting, when his mother was dragged onto the Jiefang brand truck heading for the execution ground, she dropped a black flat-heeled leather shoe on her feet.

After his mother died, Zhang Hongbing suffered from mental depression. When he smashed the Gang of Four, he suspected that it was a military coup and the restoration of capitalism, fearing that he would be arrested as a counter-revolutionary. He didn’t want to communicate with others, even thought about buttoning his clothes, and even thought about committing suicide.

It was not until 1979, when Zhang Zhixin’s deeds were published in the newspaper and the political situation changed, that he realized that he was wrong and began to write a complaint to his mother. When interviewed by the media, he once brought a reporter from a media to his mother’s grave, kneeling on his knees and kowtowing in the dust. "Mom! I brought reporters, and I will tell them your story. "

The purpose of telling the truth is to argue and refute it in the public and take me as a warning.

After the apology article was published in Southern Weekend, Song Jichao felt that the matter could finally come to an end. "Friends who have hurt others, let us apologize and repent, not only for our own peace of mind, but also for facing our descendants and history." At the end of this article, he no longer just wished the teacher good health and asked for forgiveness.

Song Jichao had no chance to hear the teacher’s forgiveness. However, more than a week after Wen Qingfu’s article was published, the son of his colleague Zhang Qiongying sent an email to the editorial department. Zhang Qiongying is 87 years old. After reading the article with Alzheimer’s disease, she just said, "That’s not his fault." She still remembers that Wen Qingfu had been "condescending" and didn’t hand in the mimeographed leaflets he had found.

"Teacher Wen, you can let go of this guilt." Zhang Qiong-ying’s son said in an email, "The’ Cultural Revolution’ has sprung up, and mud and sand are everywhere. Some people are trapped, some people are deceived, some people are incited, and some people have no conscience. We are now mentioning the’ Cultural Revolution’ again, not because of resentment, but for reflection and vigilance. "

In order to buy this newspaper with a reply, Wen Qingfu rode his bike to three newsstands in the sun. He told the xiaoxiang morning herald reporter who came to interview: "I can finally put it down."

On the Weibo, Wen Qingfu also forwarded a commentator’s comment on this matter: "The tolerance of the parties, or even selective forgetting, cannot be an excuse and excuse for individuals to participate in the perpetrators. The wound repair still depends on sincere repentance. A person’s wound repair is like this, and so is a nation’s wound repair. Refusing to repent and apologize is always evasive cover-up and avoidance. For those blind followers and individual perpetrators who are trapped, it seems that they can be’ put down’. As everyone knows, the bad genes precipitated from this are still hidden concerns of society. "

Liu Boqin has won the understanding of his classmates five years ago. He invited his former "Black Five" classmates out for a meal and apologized in person. "We were young and children at that time. Isn’t the big environment like this at that time? " The classmate said to him. Liu Boqin soberly told the reporter who interviewed him: "Including teachers and others, all the people I apologized for said so. But this is the generosity of others. "

Not all apologies have been forgiven. Among these apologists, Zhang Hongbing was the most questioned. On the Internet, some people say that he can only apologize if he committed suicide by cutting his abdomen in front of his mother’s grave. Some people call him a "speculator of the times", and even his peers who have experienced the Cultural Revolution say that his apology is "unforgivable" because he touched the "bottom line of human nature".

Since the beginning of this year, Zhang Hongbing has been interviewed by many media, but some apologists have kept a low profile cautiously after publicly confessing. An old man who did not want to be named euphemistically said that his mistakes could not be confused with Zhang Hongbing’s crimes. "Why do some people beat people, some insist on fighting without fighting, and there are quite a few’ Minstrel’ who are not interested in politics or silently resist? During the’ Cultural Revolution’, it was a great display of all sentient beings. Everyone’s good and evil are exposed. " He said.

For these comments, Zhang Hongbing’s reply is: "I don’t get angry when I see someone scolding me and asking me to die. First, I should be jealous, and second, I take the initiative to’ find jealousy’. The purpose of telling the truth is to argue and refute this in the public and take me as a warning. "

He also admitted that apologies should be treated differently. "However, regardless of the size of the crime, the key depends on whether the apologist is honest and has told the whole truth. Whether I have honestly told the whole truth, and whether my apology can be forgiven by people is not my decision, but can only be proved by history. "

Social reconciliation is "forget" the past, not "forget"

Song Jichao noticed that articles arguing about the "Cultural Revolution" on the Internet began to increase again in the past two years, "as if this hurdle could not be circumvented".

"Apologizing itself is a kind of self-liberation and a reflection on the Cultural Revolution." He said.

In the view of an old man who experienced the Cultural Revolution, this "apology wind" that blew up this summer was related to the reflection on the Cultural Revolution for many years because of the news background, but it was not presented much in the media. A researcher said that a few years ago, it would not have been thought that everyone should repent for the mistakes made during the Cultural Revolution, and this understanding would be so widely endorsed.

After becoming the focus of media attention, both Liu Boqin and Wen Qingfu declined interviews with many media. Liu Boqin believes that apologizing is a very personal act, and Wen Qingfu also said: "I don’t want to be famous for this matter. I should publicize so many victims in the’ Cultural Revolution’. What am I? "

In the view of the old man who didn’t want to be named, some people now portray the apologist as a hero, and he can’t agree. "What a hero, just kidding, this can be a hero? After all, you did a bad thing, but it wasn’t bad to the end. It’s also well-intentioned to be affirmed by others. It is not bad in the end, and it is not bad in the end. " He said.

The people the media are looking for are Zhang Hongbing. After a recent interview with the media, he stayed in his hometown in Anhui to sort out the information. Li Bin, a painter, intends to turn Zhang Hongbing’s story into a comic book. One of the painter’s most famous works is the print "Innocent Revolution, Righteous Rebellion" during the Cultural Revolution, in which the hero holds a radiant little red book in one hand and a brush in the other. There are also comic books "Maple", "Scar" and "Zhang Zhixin" which he participated in and are regarded as masterpieces of "Scar Art".

Zhang Hongbing said that there are people who want to make a documentary for him recently, and there are too many reporters to interview. He answered all the interview questions raised by reporters by email and sent a short message: "This is part of my confession work. Let us work together to bury the’ Cultural Revolution’ era! "

The purpose of apologizing for historical mistakes is not to trace the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators, but to promise in the name of the whole society that we will never make the previous mistakes again-this is a viewpoint put forward by scholar Xu Ben several years ago. He once said in his article that social reconciliation is to "forget" the past, not to "forget" the past.

Taking the Cultural Revolution as an example, Xu Ben said that in today’s China, not only the direct witness bears the responsibility of memory, but also no one can use the lack of direct experience of the Cultural Revolution as an excuse to shirk his responsibility of memory within the group. If you don’t remember, it’s not because the direct memory is gone, but because some people refuse to accept their own division of memory that is separated from generation to generation.

On a summer afternoon in Handan, Song Jichao took a sip of beer in a restaurant near the community. Speaking of the recently released film "Four Days and Nights of Zhou Enlai", he remembered his own exposure experience.

It was in 1961 that Zhou Enlai went to Boyan, Song Jichao’s hometown, to investigate the famine problem. The head teacher of the primary school sent Song Jichao and other class cadres to follow Premier Zhou closely, asking them to listen to what the masses said and write it down.

At that time, even leaves were used by people to satisfy their hunger. Zhou Enlai asked why the trees beside the road had no leaves, and the commune cadres said, "The sheep ate them.". "Sheep can still climb trees?" The Prime Minister asked. The neighbor of Song Jichao’s family who stood by looked at the commune cadres and told the Prime Minister: "His father ate!"

After Zhou Enlai left, those who told the truth were criticized. That night, Song Jichao was called over and confronted with his neighbors. He reported the conversation he heard during the day in detail, without thinking about what harm it would bring to the other party.

"I was a’ good boy’ at that time." He smiled and said.

　　From selling spicy kebabs on the street to establishing catering brands, and then building supply chain companies, jian li has stepped into the core area of catering.

　　Jian li’s Xinliangji Company is headquartered in an office building in the Lido business district, and there is also a store near the Zigong salt gang brand "Jinfu Salt Gang" he founded.

　　However, his fate with catering does not stop there.

　　He has been doing catering for nearly 30 years. The founder of Xinliangji, the founder of Jinfu Salt Gang and Xinladao is his most well-known identity.

　　In 2016, jian li’s Xinladao Group was successfully acquired by a listed company in Hong Kong. Later, he entered the crayfish track and founded Xinliangji. Quanjude, Yunhaiyao and Pizza Hut were all its customers.

　　During the epidemic, Xinliangji’s prefabricated crayfish live broadcast room brought more than 30 million yuan in a single game, which became famous in World War I and entered a broader public vision.

　　Jian li also experienced the great influence of short videos on business. Perhaps it was at this time that he planted the seeds for making videos and becoming a Tik Tok in the future.

　　In April last year, jian li opened an account in Tik Tok and released a short video explaining the catering business. He has two more tags: short video online celebrity and catering entrepreneurial tutor.

　　In the catering circle where the founders are generally low-key, jian li’s high-profile behavior of creating personal IP seems a bit different.

　　Jian li, however, said that he made a short video with great sincerity, but he got positive feedback from many fans, which gave him a brand-new sense of accomplishment different from starting a business.

Shoot video and do IP

　　"Old Restaurant Cannon" Cross-bank as "online celebrity"

　　Facing the camera, when interviewed by Red Meal, jian li’s attitude was very relaxed, and he was already familiar with video shooting.

　　Most of jian li’s short videos focus on catering entrepreneurship, and he defines himself as "a catering entrepreneur still on the road".

△ Image source: "jian li talks about catering" Tik Tok screenshot

　　Unlike in the past, starting a business only for himself, now he hopes to impart his rich experience to more young people.

　　On the one hand, Li Jian has enough ability to do this. He entered the business in 1994 and has been in the catering industry for nearly 30 years. The new spicy road group he founded was acquired by Baifu Holdings in 2018 with a purchase price of 1 billion yuan.

　　On the other hand, the current catering market is continuing to flood into new entrepreneurs. According to enterprise survey data, from January to November this year (the statistical time ended on November 27th), the national catering registered a total of 2.938 million, 406,000 more than the same period last year. Since 2021, the number of new registrations has exceeded 2.6 million every year.

　　In jian li’s view, "catering is the only industry in this era that can accommodate a large number of ordinary people to start businesses." However, there are many entrepreneurs in the catering industry, and there are also many people who have failed. A large number of catering whites need experienced guides.

　　He told the story of his exhortation to a college graduate to open a fast food restaurant. The netizen originally planned to spend 500,000 yuan to open a fast food restaurant of about 100 square meters in Hangzhou.

　　After listening to each other’s ideas, jian li bluntly said, "This is a great challenge for you. First of all, you lack (practical) training, have knowledge but not necessarily have the ability; Second, the investment of 500,000 yuan in Hangzhou is very tight (not enough to spend), and you may be very anxious in the future, but the money is not urgent. " In the end, jian li put forward some suggestions for this netizen.

In addition to entrepreneurial dry goods, he frequently shakes out some golden sentences in the video-

　　"Traffic can only be the icing on the cake for catering, and it is impossible to embroider on a piece of rags" "The future competition of catering will be very difficult, but if you don’t fight, you will die. It is better to leave early than that" "After 15-20 years, half of catering enterprises are high-quality chain brands, and the rest will linger" …

　　Since April last year, jian li’s Tik Tok account has published 336 videos, almost daily, with more than 200,000 fans.

　　The professionalism of short videos has also been improved. From the beginning, jian li took pictures by himself, and now there is a small team of three or five people who are responsible for the planning, shooting, editing and operation of videos.

　　With personalized expression and dry goods export, jian li has gained a group of fans, and iron fans affectionately call him "Teacher jian li" and "Brother Jian".

　　Jian li revealed that he decided to systematize his knowledge and start a class because fans in the background have been asking him about catering entrepreneurship.

　　According to the students’ entrepreneurial stage, there are elementary classes, intermediate classes and disciple classes, and different classes have different frequency. The primary class mainly teaches how to "open a shop from 0 to 1", while the intermediate class thinks about the old catering cannons that have opened several or dozens of stores, while the disciple class selects the best from the students in the intermediate class without charging any fees. Many students in the disciple class call jian li "Master".

△ jian li is giving lectures to the students.

　　In the list of students, there are not only catering white, but also chain catering brand owners who have opened dozens or hundreds of stores, and even a catering big coffee like Guan Yihong, the founder of Jiumaojiu Group.

"When you start a business, it is often unsatisfactory."

　　Jian li’s catering entrepreneurial experience can be described as ups and downs.

　　In 1994, at the age of 20, he began to drift north after graduating from college. At the age of 22, he founded a fast food company with the first bucket of gold earned by selling spicy kebabs on the street. At its peak, the company took over the staff restaurants in 60 office buildings in Beijing, with an annual income of over 300 million yuan-Li Jiancai was 27 years old at this time.

　　This experience, which can be called a model of ordinary people’s "drifting dreams in the north", came to an abrupt end when he was 27 years old. Jian li lost his fortune from over 100 million to over 10 million in debt overnight because he indulged in idleness and neglected his career.

　　Falling into the trough of life, jian li once suffered from depression. However, with the help of his family, he soon ushered in a second entrepreneurial opportunity in his life.

　　Once, he tasted Suobian fish hot pot in Chengdu, which was amazing. At that time, fish hot pot was still a relatively blank track, and jian li thought it would sell well in Beijing.

　　He persuaded Xu Bochun, the owner of this Suobian fish hot pot restaurant, a descendant of Sichuan Zigong Yanbang cuisine, to come to Beijing, and the two of them pooled 2 million yuan to create a fish hot pot brand, Xinladao.

　　At the end of 2004, the first new spicy road store was officially opened in Beijing, and it soon became a success. At its peak, there were nearly 200 stores, 90% of which were directly operated stores, distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Xi ‘an, Hohhot and other cities.

　　In addition to the new spicy fish hotpot, from 2005 to 2016, jian li also founded several catering brands such as Jinfu Yanbang, Spicy Daotu and Tan Lao Xu.

Jinfu Yanbang Wangjing Lidu Store △ Image source: Red Meal Network

　　In 2016, Xinladao has grown into a catering group with an annual income exceeding 500 million yuan. In the same year, Baifu Holdings intends to spend 1 billion yuan to acquire Xinladao Group.

　　It is puzzling that jian li chose to quit the company that has been in business for 12 years.

　　Jian li said that on the one hand, the new spicy road was lucky to meet a good buyer, and it was safe to give the new spicy road to Baifu Holdings.

　　On the other hand, he has made up his mind to invest in the hot crayfish market at that time, hoping to spare more energy.

　　In 2016, the crayfish market exceeded 100 billion, and the number of crayfish restaurants in Hubei Province alone exceeded 15,000.

　　More and more entrepreneurs are also flocking to the crayfish track. "So many crayfish owners always need someone to help them solve the problems of product development, processing and distribution. I hope to make the operation of these catering owners easier." In 2015, jian li bought a crayfish processing factory in Hubei and started his third venture.

　　At the beginning of 2016, he began to build a catering supply chain company, Xinliangji, which integrates farming, processing and transportation, and soon got external investment. "After selling the new spicy road, the money I got was also invested in Xinliangji."

Xinliangji Company△ Image Source: Red Meal Network

　　2017 and 2018 are the highlights of Xinliangji, which has received tens of millions and hundreds of millions of yuan in financing and become the darling of capital.

　　However, after several years of continuous popularity, the market has obviously cooled down, and the crayfish business is not good.

　　"The crayfish business has actually been frustrated since 2019." Jian li told Hongcan. com.

　　During the epidemic period, Xinliangji successfully cooperated with Hubei crayfish group to reorganize, and the advantages of upstream industry became more obvious, and it also received strong policy support.

　　Jian li is very emotional about this. "In the past three years, the development of Xinliangji has been a process of continuous blood loss and continuous blood return."

　　Back to the present, the pressure has not completely disappeared. jian li hopes to find explosive products other than crayfish, and tries to replicate the "crayfish+prepared dishes" model on single products such as pickled fish and hairy crabs.

　　However, the success of this model remains to be further verified by the market.

　　Jian li is more optimistic. In his view, "When starting a business, things are often unsatisfactory. Entrepreneurs should always think about the remaining one or two. If they lose, they will lose. As long as they don’t quit, they won’t fail."

"I want to be an active promoter of Chinese food industrialization"

　　Jian li is facing more controversy, from crayfish cutting into the whole pre-cooked food track.

　　Since September this year, "prefabricated dishes enter the campus" has pushed prefabricated dishes to the forefront, and a number of catering enterprises have also become the target of public criticism.

　　In such a public opinion environment, jian li is quite "courageous" and has made no secret of his attitude-supporting prepared dishes.

　　He called himself "an active promoter of Chinese food industrialization".

　　"The essence of all competition is efficiency competition." Jian li believes that for chain catering brands, efficiency is an unavoidable topic if they want to enhance the chain scale, and products, processes and services need to be standardized. Among them, product standardization requires the use of prefabricated dishes.

　　Li Jian once offered a reward of 1 million in a circle of friends, looking for chain restaurants with more than 50 stores and never used prefabricated dishes.

Screenshot of jian li friends circle

　　"I haven’t found it so far." Jian li told Red Meal.

　　In his view, everyone’s opposition to prefabricated dishes is, to some extent, too "obsessed with each other."

　　"Cut clean vegetables in advance, pickled chicken leg is not a prefabricated dish? Large hotels and chain restaurants don’t need pickled chicken legs. How inefficient is it to buy live chickens every day and kill them now? Clean vegetables and pickled chicken legs are actually’ pre-prepared ingredients’. From this perspective, there is nothing wrong with using pre-prepared dishes in restaurants. In essence, prefabricated dishes are a means to help restaurants improve efficiency, not a new invention. "

　　In 2019, Xinliangji recruited partners for the whole country, launched county partners, and laid out overseas agents.

　　At present, Xinliangji’s dealer system and explosive ingredients experience store have covered the county level.

　　Although the explosive experience store uses the franchise mode, it does not charge the franchise fee, and is essentially a product store.

　　He plans to open more stores, hoping that every county will have a "Xinliangji Experience Store" in the future.

　　In jian li’s view, the key to the acceptance of prepared dishes by the market is to solve the problem of product "experience".

　　"When consumers experience high-quality prepared dishes, they are likely to be reluctant to do it themselves. Take crayfish as an example. If prefabricated crayfish can be better, safer, cheaper and convenient to buy, why should consumers spend three times more money than prefabricated crayfish just because of’ existing system’? " Jian li asks.

　　The interview is drawing to a close. mr. six, who has been attached to catering for nearly 30 years and founded many brands, still positions himself as a catering entrepreneur. As for the future, jian li hopes to add the word "success" before this positioning.

Author: "Red Coffee" column group

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