Hefei subway station is equipped with AED first aid equipment. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Duan photo
In recent years, sudden cardiac death has occurred frequently, which has become a public health problem of widespread concern in society. Data show that sudden cardiac death is the main cause of death of cardiovascular diseases in China, and about 544,000 people die every year, and the success rate of resuscitation outside the hospital is below 1%.
At this year’s two sessions, how to prevent sudden cardiac death and the configuration and use of automated external defibrillator (hereinafter referred to as AED) in public places, which is known as the "life-saving artifact", have also become one of the hot spots concerned by delegates and members. In this regard, the reporter recently interviewed Professor Wu Lin, the chief physician of Cardiovascular Department of Peking University First Hospital, who has been engaged in the research and prevention of sudden cardiac death for a long time.
Non-professional medical personnel can also use AED to rescue patients with sudden cardiac death.
The human heart is like a power pump, delivering blood rich in oxygen and nutrition to every cell in the body. When cardiac arrest, a fatal arrhythmia, occurs, the heart can’t pump blood effectively, and the patient will face the threat of death.
"When the heart can’t effectively contract and lose power, it will be dark in 3 to 5 seconds, unconscious in 8 seconds due to insufficient blood supply to the brain, and epileptic seizures may occur in 15 seconds." Wu Lin said that if someone around can call the emergency system immediately within 4 minutes, and at the same time, it is best to use AED, a simple defibrillator, for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, so that the survival rate of patients can be as high as 50%. "Every time the treatment time is delayed by 1 minute, the possibility of survival will drop by 10%."
He pointed out that if you don’t intervene in time, you can cause irreversible damage to brain tissue due to hypoxia for more than 4 to 8 minutes, and then you will die soon. Even if the heart is lucky enough to resume beating, it may lead to multiple organ damage, especially brain damage.
"Once a patient with sudden cardiac death occurs around him, he usually shows a sudden loss of consciousness and no response to the call." In this regard, Wu Lin put forward measures that can save patients’ lives — — Call the emergency number 120 on the spot and press his heart at the same time. It is best to perform early AED defibrillation. "This will increase the success rate of first aid by three times."
What is an AED? Wu Lin said that AED is a portable medical emergency equipment. Once it is turned on, it can automatically sound to guide the operation process, automatically detect the heartbeat, and automatically defibrillation when necessary. It is very simple and convenient to use. AED is deployed in high-risk places of sudden cardiac death and even on international flights abroad.
"Non-professional medical personnel can also use AEDs to rescue patients with sudden cardiac death, and AEDs in some public places are marked with ‘ Professionals are required to use ’ It is inappropriate and affects the rescue of patients. I hope to correct it from the legal level. " Wu Lin emphasized that if you want to know the storage location of AEDs in your area, you can use the "search" function of mobile phone WeChat to search for "AED navigation".
It is urgent to popularize AED configuration and protect the rights and interests of rescuers
Public places such as airports, railway stations, subway stations, shopping malls and sports venues are often high-risk areas of sudden cardiac death. The deployment of AED can effectively improve the success rate of sudden cardiac death rescue.
At present, the situation that the number of AED configurations and applications are too small is widespread in China. Wu Lin said frankly that although the deployment rate of AEDs in public places in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Dalian and other places has increased significantly, as far as the country is concerned, there are only about 20,000 AEDs in public places around the country, with less than one per 100,000 people, which is far from meeting the emergency needs of more than 41 people out of every 100,000 people in China. He suggested that governments at all levels should attach importance to and support the configuration of AED.
It is reported that there are more than 400 AEDs per 100,000 people in Europe and America, nearly 300 per 100,000 people in Japan and 10 per 100,000 people in Hong Kong.
It is important to improve the configuration of AED in public places, but the protection of the rights and interests of rescuers can not be ignored. Wu Lin emphasized that the rights and interests of rescuers should be protected by legislation, and they should be exempted from any responsibility they have to bear for saving people, and they should also be legally prevented from being blackmailed or causing trouble — — Otherwise, no matter how many AEDs are installed, no one dares to rescue the sudden death, and it will not work.
"In order to improve the overall level of first aid, integrating the emergency response system and strengthening the ability to locate emergency calls are all important measures for rapid treatment." Wu Lin added.
Improve the public’s awareness and ability of on-site first aid.
The success rate of on-site resuscitation of sudden cardiac death depends not only on the first-aid level of doctors and medical ambulance personnel, but also on the public. "In particular, the level of awareness of witnesses at the scene of the incident, the degree of understanding of first aid knowledge, and whether they can participate in the rescue in time and perform preliminary cardiopulmonary resuscitation on patients." Wu Lin stressed.
After the patient has sudden cardiac death, it is the key that the witness can press or defibrillation the patient in time after calling for help. "Simply waiting for the arrival of emergency personnel can only reduce the success rate of recovery. This phenomenon is a manifestation of the weak awareness and low ability of first aid in the public in China." Wu Lin pointed out.
At present, most people get first aid knowledge through the media or the publicity platform of some medical institutions, and there are very few opportunities to get first aid knowledge and skills drills through professional training institutions. He suggested that the first aid knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be popularized and popularized, so that the common sense of first aid can become a compulsory course for the public, which can be included in all kinds of school education, as well as the induction training courses for key occupations such as police, firefighters, guards, flight attendants and salespeople, to form a complete education and training system, so that more people can learn first aid.
Wu Lin finally stressed that the best way to reduce sudden cardiac death is to prevent it, including primary prevention for individuals who may have sudden death and secondary prevention for survivors of cardiac arrest. "For high-risk groups with a family history of sudden death or multiple cardiovascular risk factors, we should actively carry out sudden death risk assessment and individualized prevention and treatment in order to effectively reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death."
(Reporter Jin Zhenya)