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Making money while playing games？ What kind of ＂immortal profession＂ is an e-sports sparring teacher？

　　Data Map: On December 3, 2019, the 2019WUCG Sanya E-sports Festival opened in the sailing port of Sanya Mid-Levels Peninsula, Hainan. E-sports teams from 16 countries including China, the United States, South Korea, Malaysia and Spain gathered together and will be launched to the global champions of League of Legends, DOTA2, the glory of the king, Hearthstone and the king of fighters 14. The picture shows the team of Jimei University in China playing League of Legends. China News Service reporter Luo Yunfei photo

　　BEIJING, April 24th (Xing Rui) The topic "Wang Sicong spends 666 yuan an hour as a sparring partner in the game" has recently caused a heated discussion among netizens in Weibo. While watching "eating melons", many people are also curious about the profession of "game sparring".

　　With the rapid development of e-sports industry, many new occupations have been born. E-sports anchors and professional players have gradually entered the public’s field of vision and are no longer unfamiliar. In the past two years, the e-sports sparring teacher, which has gradually emerged, seems to be "mysterious" a lot.

　　Spend 3 million to find a sparring partner

　　"E-sports sparring instructor", as its name implies, is paid to accompany others to play games. In terms of industry terminology, the customers served by sparring instructors are called "bosses". If you are willing to spend 666 yuan to find Wang Sicong as a sparring partner, then you will become his "boss".

　　Open the game sparring platform where Wang Sicong is located. The price of sparring on it ranges from ten yuan to tens of yuan per hour. It is not difficult to see that Wang Sicong’s fee of 666 yuan is far higher than the general price of game sparring on this platform.

　　Wang Sicong entered a platform as a "game sparring teacher".

　　As the saying goes, "there will be a market if there is demand", and the part-time game sparring of "national husband" actually reflects the demand of many young people for "finding someone to play games with me".

　　According to an industry data previously released by the game sparring website, in 2019, more than 27 million players searched for "Great God" to accompany them to play games, and about 68% of them were "post-95 s".

　　There is no doubt that "finding game sparring" has become a trend of entertainment for this year’s e-sports youth. For their favorite video games, many users have shown amazing spending power. Take the above-mentioned platform as an example. Last year, the "Golden Master Dad" with the highest order consumption spent a total of 3.08 million yuan to find someone to play games with him. During the period from January 24th to February 29th this year, a 22-year-old boy from Shanghai spent more than 1500 yuan a day on average, and found 12 "great gods" to accompany him to play 1850 games.

　　Data Map: On December 3, 2019, in the e-sports education center of Changchun Health Vocational College, students practiced the popular e-sports games in the classroom, while teachers taught the skills of game operation. The major of e-sports and management opened in September 2018 requires students to study more than 20 courses in three years, and e-sports training is one of them. China News Service reporter Zhang Yao photo

　　Millions of people’s "new rice bowls"

　　The blowout consumer demand naturally attracted a large number of e-sports enthusiasts to start the career of sparring. According to statistics, a game sparring APP attracted 2.9 million game sparring players last year, and 1.29 million of them made money by sharing game skills. The average monthly income of full-time sparring is as high as 7857 yuan, and the average monthly income of part-time sparring is 2929 yuan.

　　In the e-sports industry, it has become a consensus that e-sports game sparring instructors can earn money, and some sparring instructors at the top of the pyramid can even make a fortune through this profession. Earlier, some media reported that a senior game sparring teacher in his early 20 s earned millions of dollars by playing games with others and paid off his mortgage.

　　Age distribution of game gods released by a platform.

　　Although not every e-sports sparring instructor can achieve the "small goal" of earning 100,000 yuan a month, realistically speaking, this profession has at least become a personalized profession with the opportunity to get a high salary.

　　In addition, game sparring may also become the longest career in the e-sports circle. On the platform of game sparring in Wang Sicong, the average age of game gods is 23.27, and the oldest is 39. Compared with the trend of younger e-sports anchors, it seems that the age requirements of players for e-sports sparring instructors are not too harsh.

　　"Game sparring" also has official certification.

　　In 2019, the E-sports Branch of China Communication Industry Association issued the "Standards for E-sports Trainers in China" after the profession of game sparring was sought after by more and more people. This means that "e-sports sparring instructor" has been officially recognized as a professional skill, and game sparring has officially become a nationally recognized and controlled profession.

　　In this document, e-sports sparring instructors are divided into three levels: primary, intermediate and advanced. In order to obtain vocational skill certification, they need to pass theoretical knowledge examination and skill assessment, and both of them are qualified with a score of 60 (100%) or above.

　　E-sports sparring instructor certification platform.

　　Although e-sports sparring teachers have the qualification certification standards, some game sparring platforms do not require their sparring gods to pass the skill certification assessment. It’s just that the price of certified game play is higher than that of ordinary play.

　　It is reported that the total number of registered e-sports sparring instructors (including the names predicted by various channels) is about 50,000, and the number of people who have passed the examination is about 2,500-3,000. Although the above data has not been confirmed by official channels, it can at least help people to establish a basic judgment, that is, it may not be as easy as expected to get a paper certificate, and excellent game sparring is only a few people.

　　The sadness behind glamour

　　It is undeniable that there are "big coffees" in this industry that can earn 100,000 yuan a month by playing games with people, but these people are only rare in the circle. In contrast, many ordinary game sparring partners are far less capital and confidence than Wang Sicong’s asking price of 666 yuan an hour.

　　On a game sparring platform, a large number of sparring instructors have never received a single business since they settled in. In the highly competitive industry, an excellent sparring instructor not only has superb game skills, but also shows good comprehensive quality in emotional intelligence and communication skills. As a full-time sparring instructor, playing games may soon become a repetitive, boring and mechanical labor.

　　Data Map: On August 23, 2019, the 2019 Hong Kong Computer Communication Festival opened at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center. The theme of this year’s Computer Festival is "Technology improves life and creates infinite possibilities", and many well-known brands in the information industry participated. The picture shows many e-sports players participating in the e-sports competition. China News Service reporter Zhang Yushe

　　In the face of mixed players, some game sparring will also encounter "bosses" with impure purposes and bad luck. In the final analysis, e-sports sparring instructor is also a kind of service industry, and the demand for social interaction has been running through it. When the appearance and voice have also become factors for players to consider when placing orders, higher requirements have been put forward for the supervision of the industry.

　　As a brand-new profession, the development of "e-sports sparring instructor" is undoubtedly still in its infancy. Behind it, it is not as glamorous as imagined. Some people earn millions a year, while others get nothing. Even if you are full of love for e-sports, the way of a sparring teacher is by no means that you can go.

Is the ＂flow code＂ coconut water in the beverage industry really unsafe？

　　With the coming of summer, drinks to cool down and relieve summer heat have once again become people’s first choice. Natural coconut water is the "flow code" in the beverage industry in recent years. Not only do it often sell out of stock, but coffee, milk tea and other drinks made with coconut water often occupy the list of young people’s must-order. However, recently, some netizens discussed it hotly, because they bought coconuts that were opened in advance and drank coconut water inside, which caused discomfort. As a result, topics such as "Can you drink coconut water" and "Who is not suitable for drinking coconut water" have boarded the hot search.

　　Today, let’s take a look at the safety of coconut water, how to drink it is the healthiest, and who is the most suitable?

　　Drinking coconut water leads to vomiting, diarrhea and high fever?

　　The so-called coconut water is the clear liquid poured out from the coconut after it is cut open, which has a very light sweet taste and a unique natural flavor. Coconut water contains no fat, and the fat is all in the white coconut meat.

　　The reason why coconut water was on the hot search this time was because it brought some trouble. Netizens said that they bought a coconut with a pre-opened mouth and drank a few mouthfuls of coconut water, only to find that the coconut water was a little turbid. Then he felt dizzy and dizzy, and then he felt sick and vomited. After getting better, I didn’t go to the hospital for treatment, but I had a high fever the next day.

　　In fact, this high probability is caused by pathogenic bacteria or bacterial toxins in coconut water.

　　Originally, the coconut shell was tightly sealed to protect the coconut meat and coconut water inside and avoid the entry of external microorganisms. However, after opening, the coconut loses its sealability and will come into contact with the bacteria in the air and the bacteria on the opening tool.

　　Why is coconut after opening suitable for rapid propagation of microorganisms and bacteria?

　　Coconut water contains sugar, vitamins and minerals, which is suitable for rapid propagation of microorganisms. At the same time, coconut water, a "small fresh" fruit juice, has low acidity, and sugar and nutrients are directly dissolved in water instead of hidden in fruit cells, so its resistance to bacterial proliferation is too weak. It is weaker than orange juice, apple juice, tomato juice and other juices with certain acidity and polyphenols, so it is especially necessary to be careful.

　　If coconuts are stored at room temperature for a long time after opening, bacteria will multiply in large numbers, which may lead to bacterial food poisoning. Netizens found that the coconut water, which should have been clear, was a little turbid, which was the visual result caused by bacterial reproduction. This is exactly the same reason that egg soup, rice soup and noodle soup will go bad at room temperature.

　　Bacterial food poisoning may cause nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, physical weakness, dizziness and headache, and even chills and fever.

　　Because the body is weak after food poisoning, other harmful microorganisms may take advantage of it, and there may be inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and gums, or, as netizens have said, tonsils are in trouble again.

　　Deteriorated coconut water will produce mycotoxins?

　　Some people on the Internet say that the spoiled coconut water may produce Pseudomonas cocoanum, which will produce highly toxic mycotoxins. Because this case did not do microbial culture of coconut water samples, it is impossible to judge what kind of pathogenic bacteria or bacterial toxins caused the poisoning only by the symptoms.

　　It can only be said that coconut water contains carbohydrates. In an unsafe temperature environment, it can breed a variety of pathogenic bacteria and may also produce a variety of toxins, which cannot be prevented.

　　In a word, coconuts opened in advance have food safety risks. Consumers had better buy the whole coconut directly, and it is safer to ask the clerk or stall owner to open it at that time after buying it. It should be refrigerated immediately after opening, even if it is refrigerated, it is best to eat it on the same day. Eating coconut meat is the same.

　　Why can packaged coconut water be stored at room temperature?

　　100% coconut aquatic products on the market are sterilized and packaged. The bacteria inside have been killed, and the packaging outside is sealed, so microorganisms can’t get in, so it can be safely stored at room temperature for a long time before it is opened.

　　However, once opened, bacteria can enter, which is no longer safe and must be drunk as soon as possible.

　　What should I do if I don’t finish the coconut water in a big package at one time?

　　What if the package of coconut water is too big to drink at one time? Then pour out a part of it and drink it first. The rest of the box should be covered immediately and put back in the refrigerator for refrigeration. Never drink with your mouth to the bottle mouth, which will cause serious bacterial pollution. Even if it is refrigerated, it can’t last long. It is recommended to drink it all within 24 hours.

　　Not only coconut water, but also other liquid foods, such as milk, juice and drinks, need to be refrigerated in time after opening. How long it can be stored in the refrigerator depends on the product characteristics and sterilization process.

　　Generally speaking, products with particularly high acidity have slow microbial proliferation, such as lemon juice, cola, orange juice, etc., and they may not be spoiled or moldy even after being refrigerated for 48 hours.

　　Those drinks with low acidity should not be refrigerated for more than 24 hours in most cases.

　　Who is suitable for drinking coconut water?

　　Coconut water is not rich in various vitamins, but it is particularly rich in potassium, and the potassium content per 100 grams can be as high as more than 200 mg, while the sodium content is relatively low, with a small amount of calcium and magnesium. At the same time, the sugar content is still relatively low, only 3% to 6%, which is in line with the standard of low-sugar drinks (the sugar content in 100 ml is less than 5 g).

　　Because the osmotic pressure is not high and the sugar content is low, coconut water is a good hydrating drink. For northerners, compared with buying coconuts directly, it is more cost-effective to buy a large box of coconut water at a discount and drink it with the whole family.

　　Because of its high potassium content, low sugar content and low calories, coconut water is more suitable for patients with hyperuricemia and hypertension than other juices. Coconut water is also a good thing for people who eat too much salt, or too much meat, lack of fruits and vegetables, and imbalance of potassium and sodium.

　　If you add a little salt and some water, coconut water can also be used as a sports drink. If you drink it directly, because potassium is high and sodium is low, it is not enough to make up for the loss of sodium after sweating a lot.

　　However, people with kidney disease who need to limit potassium can’t drink a lot of coconut water.

　　Coconut water does not have the aroma of coconut meat, but the aroma is in fat. Coconut meat is emulsified and mixed with coconut water, or without coconut water, white water is added directly, and some sugar and emulsifier are added, which is the daily coconut milk.

　　There is no doubt that all milky drinks contain fat. This is true for milk, soy milk, peanut milk, walnut milk, and coconut milk. Milky white is the optical effect after fat emulsification. Therefore, milk-white coconut milk drinks, or coconut milk products used to mix desserts and drinks, have much higher calories than coconut water, and saturated fat accounts for about half of its fat. The aroma and taste are great, but the nutritional value of protein and vitamins is much lower than that of milk and soybean milk.

　　Text/Fan Zhihong (director of China Nutrition Society, chief expert of science communication hired by China Association for Science and Technology)

＂People in Spring＂ is being broadcasted, and Liu Tingzuo’s dual identity is expected.

On November 6th, based on the advanced deeds of Yu Fuling and Secretary Yu, the TV series "People in Spring" (formerly known as "Alley Prime Minister"), which focuses on community grassroots workers and witnesses their sadness, difficulties and growth, was released in prime time. Liu Tingzuo plays the noble property manager of the community in Spring in the play, and participates in directing the grouping part of the play.

"People in Spring" is being broadcasted, and Liu Tingzuo's dual identity is expected.

People in Spring is co-produced by Zach Li as the chief producer, Chen Haifan as the producer, TianYuanHong as the director, Liu Tingzuo as the group director, Li Xiaofeng, Ling Xiaosu, Yao Anlian, etc.

"People in Spring" is being broadcasted, and Liu Tingzuo's dual identity is expected.

The story mainly tells the story that Xu Yingying, a doctoral teacher of Yongzhou University, came to the community in Spring to investigate and was unexpectedly elected as the community director. He kept thinking and exploring in the complicated community governance work, and grew up from a newcomer to an excellent community cadre. With the joint efforts of community policeman Tian Lijie, social worker colleagues and many community residents, he transformed the old factory into a characteristic central block that residents yearned for. As the first TV series focusing on community workers in recent years, People in Spring not only has the overall layout of community events, but also returns to the contradictions of small and medium-sized families and even personal lives in the community. There is an emotional mosaic between small families and large families in the hearts of each community worker, and the ordinary work and flash experiences of the characters in the play are also happening to tens of thousands of social workers in the country.

"People in Spring" is being broadcasted, and Liu Tingzuo's dual identity is expected.

As an important part of the community, property workers are the guarantors of the residents’ better life, and they have only one mission. Service. As a link between community service and residents’ security, Liu Tingzuo, the property manager Gao Sheng, has experienced ups and downs in the "confrontation" with community residents in the spring. "But there is nothing to be done in vain, and governance by doing nothing" is the orientation of this character. Liu Tingzuo’s interpretation of this role is quite comic. People in Spring is another work directed by Liu Tingzuo as a group director, following My bel ami and New Year after Year. Liu Tingzuo said that he would like to thank the filmmakers and directors who have given him the opportunity to learn. He believes that there is no conflict between them. As an actor, he will have his own desire to express himself. As the initiative of a work, the director can put his thoughts and feelings into it, which is also the advantage of his role control and shaping. He said that there is still a lot to learn as a director, and in 2021, Liu Tingzuo also contacted many excellent directors in acting, and received a lot of inspiration and guidance. Please pay more attention to this "People in Spring" that is being broadcast!

"People in Spring" is being broadcasted, and Liu Tingzuo's dual identity is expected.

The popularity of online novel ＂Shuang Wen＂ or the medicine for readers to decompress.

　　Beijing, Sept. 7 (Xinhua)-The popularity of "Shuang Wen" can it be a good medicine for readers to decompress?

　　Reporter Shangguan Yun

　　In the prison, the air is not smooth and it smells musty.

　　"Today I come, is ready to tell you clearly. Thank the duke, the reason why you lost … …” Mei Changsu’s eyes like ice blowing on the prisoner’s face, slowly spit out a few words, "because you are stupid".

　　Condescending, mocking the opponent who becomes a prisoner, will this plot look very enjoyable?

　　If you feel the same way, then congratulations, you have entered the pit of "Shuang Wen". And this is indeed a very popular type of online novel recently.

　　Character setting under the aura of the protagonist

　　"Shuang Wen", as its name implies, is an article that looks hearty.

　　This kind of novel is not how good the writing is, but that the protagonist is either extremely clever and undertakes the heavy responsibility of guarding the whole life; Either you are born in a flat place, you will be helped by nobles, and you will be upgraded all the way; Or it is shrouded in the aura of the protagonist, and it is safe to act out of line.

　　For example, "nirvana in fire" mentioned at the beginning is an outstanding representative of the popular "Shuang Wen" in recent years. Some netizens said that watching Mei Changsu Zhibo, a "unicorn genius", avenge the wrongs for many years, which made people feel very happy.

　　If you still can’t get the point of "cool writing", you can look at the popular Story of Yanxi Palace: the heroine Wei Yiluo was born in the bottom, and her embroidery skills were superb. She not only succeeded in revenge, but was loved by "Gao Fushuai" Fu Heng, and finally became a favorite princess who helped Qianlong prosper.

　　This drama, which has the characteristics of "cool writing", frequently boarded the hot search when it was broadcast, earning enough attention.

　　Typical "cool writing" also includes "Choosing a Day", "Whirling" and "Fighting and Doing Kun" … … The article is on fire, and the adapted film and television drama is also on fire.

　　Those routines in "Shuang Wen"

　　Dong Jiangbo, the editor-in-chief of Tianxia Book League Novel Network, once divided it into several different types, such as "cultivating immortals and upgrading", "big women fighting in the palace" and "workplace counterattack". The plot is slightly different but the routine is basically the same: the protagonist is frustrated but always has a hundred times the opportunity to achieve a brilliant life.

　　Some "cool writing" plots will be a bit "cruel", such as "Hua Qiangu", but this does not prevent the heroine from having a halo-filled life: "When she was born, all the flowers in the city withered" and she was accepted as an apprentice by Bai Zihua, the "tallest person in the Six Realms".

　　It looks boring, but many "cool articles" have been published and adapted, which is quite popular. For example, "Breaking the Sky", considered as the originator of "Shuang Wen", has about 186,301,700 total members clicked on a website, and the number is still growing. The TV series of the same name is also being broadcasted.

　　"No doubt, just check an online literature website, and the top ten hits are mostly ‘ Shuangwen ’ 。” An online writer said.

　　Readers who love it are humbled?

　　Why can "Shuang Wen" have so many audiences?

　　Perhaps it is because in real life, there are too many things that people want to do but dare not and can’t do, but "cool writing" can make people escape from reality for a short time.

　　Chen Jiang is a middle-level manager of an enterprise. It is common to stay up until two or three o’clock in the morning, and he has to go to the company at seven o’clock in the morning. Sitting down is a flood of to-do items, and there is a slight omission. He was once called by the leader and scolded for two hours.

　　"My lungs are exploding, and I especially want to shout: quit!" I think so in my heart, but I can’t really do it. Even in late 2016, due to too much pressure, he was hospitalized due to illness. "The mortgage and car loans are still there, and I can’t afford to gamble."

　　However, in the "cool" world, these are not problems at all. There are often similar plots in Chen Jiang’s favorite works: the protagonist suffers a lot, shouts "quit" and leaves smartly, and he meets a wealthy man who silently appreciates him at the corner and gets a better job, or has another adventure.

　　His resentful emotions found sustenance and vent in "Shuang Wen", and he often felt that it should be his true self, "I know there is ‘ Shuangwen ’ The style is not high, and the plot can’t stand scrutiny, but they have relieved my mental stress very well. "

　　The heaviness of the real world is being experienced by myself, so I don’t want to read the same story again.

　　The satisfaction of the virtual world’s "counterattack"

　　On the other hand, "Shuang Wen" is also in the virtual world, which provides the satisfaction of "counterattack" for ordinary little people.

　　Wang Ting is an ordinary white-collar worker, in her thirties, single, with an ordinary job and average ability. Like many people floating in big cities, she is under pressure from all aspects: work, rent, food and clothing and other living expenses.

　　If you want to get a promotion and raise your salary, you have limited opportunities and limited strength. She often feels that there is no hope after hard work. "As written in the paragraph, I am quite confused: Who am I? Where Am I? What am I going to do? "

　　"I like to watch fantasy ‘ Shuangwen ’ It is a pastime. " Wang Ting said that watching the protagonist from a small person, all the way to "blame and upgrade", there is a reward for paying, especially a sense of substitution. "It seems that those wishes that cannot be realized in reality have been fulfilled for you, and he is in a good mood."

　　She lamented that too many people in life are not so happy, and the status quo is not as good as expected. Although the protagonist in Shuangwen is not always smooth sailing, he can always get help, not as helpless as in reality.

　　"If you can’t turn over the salted fish, don’t occasionally indulge in the literary world?" Wang Ting said a little helplessly that the reason why she watched "Shuang Wen" was "perhaps because we were too tired in life".

　　What nerve did the fire of "Shuang Wen" touch the readers?

　　Some critics have analyzed that most of the "Shuang Wen" world outlook is simple, the story is fast, the language is popular and straightforward, and most of them are not nutritious in terms of plot alone, but they are a good relaxation tool for people who are under too much pressure. It is normal to like to watch it.

　　The previously published "Investigation Report on the Living Conditions of White-collar Workers in 2018" shows that 94.9% of white-collar workers in the workplace have anxiety, which has become a daily life. As for the specific source of anxiety, some people jokingly summarized it as "poor and confused".

　　"Not only white-collar workers, but most of them have ‘ Heroic dream ’ , but just ordinary people, squeezed by life; See ‘ Shuangwen ’ At that time, I always felt that my thoughts were confirmed and I got psychological compensation. " Chen Jiang said that in reality, all kinds of unsatisfied desires and intense emotions can be vented, and they can vent themselves briefly.

　　Life is so hard, why don’t you feel bad when reading?

　　Some netizens concluded that this is just like everyone knows that reading only "successful learning" can’t be successful, but they can’t help reading one by one, and then comfort themselves with various cases and fantasies.

　　In life, everyone comes from different backgrounds and encounters, and always chooses different types of novels according to their own needs, which also gives birth to various types of "cool writing". With the accelerated pace of life and increased pressure, this "family" may also grow stronger.

　　"Shuang Wen" is in the limelight, but where it will go in the end is still largely unknown. However, perhaps we should pay more attention to the present. After all, people still have to live in reality and get rid of the overhead world of "cool writing". You are just the reader who brushes the article. (Chen Jiang and Wang Ting are pseudonyms)

New Year’s Eve to 15th, Chinese New Year’s custom full edition!

New Year’s Eve

One night is even two years old, and five nights are divided into two days. At the end of the year, winter and winter snow melt, the warm palace chambers seems to be blowing in the genial spring breeze. According to the legend, every New Year’s Eve, the animals will come out to do harm. After a night of vigil and setting off firecrackers at midnight, people scare away the animals. What if I can’t see you the next day if I don’t keep my birthday?

Every year, the last day of the twelfth lunar month is called New Year’s Eve, which is connected with the Spring Festival (the first day of the first month). On new year’s eve, people should get rid of the old and welcome the new, which means that the old year will be removed here and the new year will be replaced next year. Northerners are used to eating jiaozi in the New Year, and there is a custom of eating wonton in the South in the New Year. Eating noodles in the New Year is a wish for a long life.

Keeping old age on New Year’s Eve is the most important custom, which was recorded in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The main activity of observing the year is to protect jiaozi.

first day of the Lunar New Year

In traditional customs, New Year greetings on the first day of the lunar new year must be made by elders or neighbors, and they generally don’t go far away to pay New Year greetings. After New Year’s Eve, people open the door on the morning of the first day to congratulate each other "Happy New Year! Peace and good luck … ". The younger generation pays New Year greetings to the elders, and the elders give lucky money to suppress evil spirits.

On the first day of the lunar new year, the custom is to set off firecrackers, celebrate the New Year, occupy the New Year, and gather wealth. On the New Year’s Day, you can’t use a broom, otherwise you will sweep away your luck and break your money.

Besides jiaozi, there are dumplings for breakfast on New Year’s Day. Its meaning is: Everything goes well and the whole family is happy. On New Year’s Day, dumplings are not called "dumplings" but "Yuanbao", and eating dumplings is not called "eating dumplings" but "getting Yuanbao".

Keywords: New Year’s greetings/opening firecrackers/occupying the new year/pasting chickens/gathering wealth

lunar january 2nd

On the second day of New Year’s Day, the golden bark heralds spring. Family members go to pay New Year’s greetings, while the owner stays for dinner and the western family arranges wine banquets.

The second day of the first month is also a New Year’s greeting, but the daughter who married on this day is going to take her son-in-law with her. Among them, there are many rules for newlyweds to go home. For example, bring gifts in pairs. The bride’s family can’t accept it all, and when she returns to her husband’s house, she will have to take some back.

On the second day of New Year’s Day, the married daughter will take her husband and children back to her mother’s house to pay New Year’s greetings. On this day, the daughter who goes back to her mother’s house must bring some gifts and red envelopes to give to her children and have lunch at her mother’s house.

In the north, the god of wealth is sacrificed on the second day of the first month. On this day, both commercial shops and ordinary families will hold activities to sacrifice the god of wealth. I want to eat wonton at noon this day, commonly known as "Yuanbao soup".

Keywords: Children’s Day/Sacrifice to the God of Wealth (Eid al-Fitr)

On the third day of the first month

On the third day of the lunar new year, the fat pig arch. The son-in-law visits her father-in-law and daughter-in-law to go back to her mother’s house, and presents her with even numbers.

In traditional customs, the third day of the first month is considered as the day when mice marry their daughters, so they should rest early at night and not disturb the mice to marry their daughters. Rats have a taste of "whoever doesn’t let me have a good day, I’ll make him feel bad for a whole year". If they are disturbed to marry a daughter, rats will harm this family. Go to bed early for the harvest in the field!

The third day of the first lunar month is also called "Pig Day". Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the traditional view is that the first day of the first month is rooster day, the second day is dog day, the third day is pig day, the fourth day is sheep day, the fifth day is ox day, the sixth day is horse day, and the seventh day is human day. Legend has it that this is because when Nu Wa created all creatures, she created six animals first, and then people, so the first day to the sixth day is the day of six animals.

Keywords: Sheep Day/Burning Door God Paper/Millet Birthday/Xiao Nianchao

The fourth day of the first month

On the fourth day of the lunar new year, three sheep open Thailand. Kitchen God wants to check the household registration, and welcomes Kitchen God back to the people.

The fourth day of the Lunar New Year is the time when the gods return from heaven to earth. There is a saying that "sending God early, receiving God late". The so-called sending God should start early in the morning, and it is not too late to receive God in the afternoon. In terms of offerings, three animals, fruits, dining tables should be ready, and incense and candles should be burned to burn gold clothes. In the past, the boss wanted to "fire" someone, so he was not invited to worship God this day, and the other party knew it well and packed up and left.

According to legend, on the fourth day of the Lunar New Year’s Day, the Kitchen God wants to check the household registration, so every household should stay at home, so it is not appropriate to go far away. Prepare rich fruits, burn incense and light candles and set off firecrackers to show their welcome.

Keywords: Welcome the Kitchen God

The fifth day of the first month

On the fifth day of the Lunar New Year, it’s spring in Niu Geng. Five roads are connected to the god of wealth, east, west, north and south, and wealth is connected by five roads.

The fifth day is also called "breaking the fifth day", which is a big day for businessmen. It is this day to pray for a rich year and meet the god of wealth. "The store will open this day and set off firecrackers."

On the fifth day of the first month, according to the folk custom, it is the birthday of the five-way god of wealth. Therefore, it is necessary to welcome the god of wealth into the house, bless his family’s wealth in the new year, and it is naturally a day to send away the "poor", so there is a saying of "sending the poor out of the house". At the same time, this day is also commonly known as "breaking five", which means that many taboos in the previous days are over.

Keywords: Welcome the God of Wealth/Road God/Send the Poor/Open the Market

The sixth day of the first month

On the sixth day of the lunar new year’s eve, the horse arrived at success. Drink and worship the street. Thousands of households look at it, and no one does not send the poor.

The fifth day just welcomed the god of wealth into the door, and the sixth day will send away the poor god. On the day of sending the poor god, we should do a general cleaning at home, and throw away all the rubbish, useless rags and so on. In addition, you should also drink a vegetarian soup, which is made of seven kinds of vegetables such as spinach and green vegetables.

On the sixth day of the first month, "sending the poor" is a very distinctive custom in ancient China, which means offering sacrifices to the poor ghosts and gods. Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Sending the Poor". Yao He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Three Poems to Send the Poor on a Bad Day", the first of which said: "Every year, on this day, we will drink and worship the streets. Looking at thousands of households, no one does not send poverty. "

Keywords: Stone Birthday/Send the Poor (Send the Son)

The seventh day of the first month

On the seventh day of the Lunar New Year, people have a long life. Spread pancakes and eat seven treasures, settle down and recuperate.

Also known as "People Victory Day", "People Celebration Day", "Population Day" and "People Seven Days". Legend has it that Nu Wa created animals such as chickens, dogs, pigs, cows and horses at the beginning of creation, and then created people on the seventh day, so this day is the birthday of mankind. Some people began to observe daily customs in the Han dynasty, and they began to pay attention to it after the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In ancient times, people wore the custom of "Man wins". Man wins as a headdress. Since the Jin Dynasty, people have cut ribbons for flowers, cut ribbons for people, or put gold foil on people’s screens and put them on their hair.

Taoism thinks: "Mr. Heaven and Earth is a chicken, a dog, a pig, a sheep, a cow, a horse, and a stranger." Dong Fangshuo’s "Zhan Shu" in the Han Dynasty also said: "On the first day of the first lunar month, it accounts for chickens, dogs, pigs, sheep, cows, horses, people and valleys."

In the traditional customs of China, on the seventh day of the Lunar New Year, people celebrate their birthdays by cooking seven kinds of vegetables into seven treasures, that is, cooking seven kinds of vegetables into miscellaneous vegetable soup. In the agricultural society, everyone hopes to eat seven treasures and have a bumper harvest in the coming year.

Keywords: Man-day/fishing for raw fish/spreading pancakes/hiking/climbing.

The eighth day of the first month

On the eighth day of the lunar new year, release and pray. On the day of the lower bound of the stars, a small lamp was made to burn and sacrifice it, and an inch of time was an inch of gold.

Taoism and folk people regard the eighth day of the first month as the lower limit of the stars, and make small lanterns to burn them, which is called Shunxing, also known as "offering stars" and "receiving stars". It is also said that the eighth day is the birthday of millet. If the weather is fine, the rice harvest will be good, and if it is cloudy, the year will be sorry.

According to Taoism and astrologers, each person has a year-old star, which is also called "the fleeting stars" (the sun, the moon, the water, the fire, the wood, the gold, the earth, the Luo Hou, and the planning capital nine planets take turns to take care of the year).

The fate of a person in a year is entirely in the hands of the star who is in charge of the year, and the eighth day of the first month of each year is the date of the gathering of the stars, which is also known as the "lower bound of the stars". Therefore, it is possible to get the blessing of the stars on this day. Therefore, some people go to Baiyun Guanxing Temple (namely Yuanchen Temple) to burn incense and shun Xing. However, whether or not to go to the temple to make incense, it is the evening of Sunday, and after the stars are out in the sky, every family will hold a ceremony to worship the stars.

Keywords: Gu Ri/Shun Xing

the beginning of september

On the ninth day of the Lunar New Year, Jade Emperor was born. It is the highest god who dominates the universe, and people will hold ceremonies to celebrate.

The ninth day of the first month is the day, commonly known as "Heaven’s Birthday". It is said that this day is the birthday of the Jade Emperor. Whenever the Jade Emperor’s Birthday is celebrated, people will hold ceremonies to celebrate it. The main Taoist and folk customs include offering sacrifices to the Jade Emperor, worshipping the Heaven through Taoist temples, and so on. In some places, when it is sunny, women prepare fragrant candles and bowls, and place them in the open air at the corner of patio lanes to worship the Heaven and pray for God’s blessing.

In the old days, on this night, men and women gathered under a big tree (preferably osmanthus tree) to sing songs, and invited the seven fairies, the youngest daughter of the Jade Emperor’s favorite, to come down to earth. The songs they sang must be happy and auspicious, so that the seven fairies will be happy. When she is happy, her father, the Jade Emperor, will bless everything on earth.

Keywords: Sunrise/Worship God

The tenth day of the first month

On the tenth day of the lunar new year’s day, offering a stone to give thanks. One day, there was still land, and houses for people and animals, rice, wheat and rice were all born in the land.

On this day, all stone tools such as grinding and grinding can’t be moved, and even a sacrifice is set up to enjoy the stone, for fear of hurting crops. Also known as "stone does not move" and "ten does not move". Henan custom: On this day, every family pays tribute to burning incense on stones. I must eat steamed buns for lunch, thinking that eating cakes will lead to prosperity within one year. In Yuncheng, Shandong and other places, there is a move to lift the stone god. In early kuya, a crock was frozen on a smooth stone, and ten boys or girls took turns carrying it. If the stone doesn’t fall to the ground, it indicates a bumper harvest that year.

On the 10th day of the Lunar New Year’s Eve, it is the birthday of the stone. On this day, no stone tools such as grinding and grinding can be moved, and even the stone is sacrificed. In Yuncheng, Shandong and other places, there is a saying that God lifts stones. At the beginning of kuya, people frozen a crock on a smooth big stone. On the morning of the tenth day, the nose of the crock was tied with a rope and carried by ten boys in turn. The stone did not fall to the ground, which indicated a bumper harvest that year.

Keywords: stone does not move

Eleventh day of the first month

On the eleventh day of the first month, Zigu was sacrificed. The oppressed women regard her as the protector of the weak women.

The 11th day of the first month is commonly known as "Zigu Day" (in some places, it is the 14th day of the first month). The earliest document that recorded "Zigu" was "Different Garden" written by Liu Jingshu, a Southern Song Dynasty man. Generally speaking, Zigu was somebody else’s concubine. She was jealous of the original match, and was killed in the toilet on the 15th day of the first month. The Emperor of Heaven took pity on her and named her Ce Shen. However, people worship Zigu not because she is Ce Shen, but because Zigu represents the oppressed women, so she is worshipped by women and sacrificed as the protector of weak women.

At the same time, the eleventh day of the first month is still "son-in-law’s day", which is the day when the father-in-law fetes his son-in-law. There is a lot of food left over from the celebration of "God’s Birthday" on the ninth day, except for eating one day on the tenth day, so the bride’s family doesn’t have to spend any more money, so she uses these leftover foods to entertain her son-in-law and daughter. The folk song is called "Please ask your son-in-law".

In folk songs, there is a saying that "the eleventh day invites a son-in-law", that is, the eleventh day of the first month is the "son-in-law’s day", on which the father-in-law fetes his son-in-law. According to legend, this is because the food celebrating the "Heavenly Born" on the ninth day can’t be eaten until the tenth day, so it is used to invite the son-in-law to dinner on the eleventh day, and the bride’s family doesn’t have to spend any more money on it.

Keywords: son-in-law day

The twelfth day of the first month

On the twelfth day of the first month, a light shed was built. The Lantern Festival is approaching, so we began to prepare for the Lantern Festival.

From the New Year to the eleventh day of the first month, most of the foods people eat are rich and oily. Therefore, from this day on, people began to eat lightly, clearing intestines and moistening dryness. More importantly, since the Lantern Festival will be held in three days, preparations should be made from this day. At home, we will buy lanterns and build a light shed.

Folk commonly known as "the twelfth day of the first month to build a light shed." It means that the Lantern Festival is approaching. From this day on, the village managers will gather skilled craftsmen and young adults to prepare lanterns and make all kinds of preparations for enjoying the Lantern Festival.

There is a nursery rhyme that says, "Eleven people clamor, twelve people set up a light shed, thirteen people turn on the lights, fourteen lights are on, fifteen lines and a half months, and sixteen people finish the lights."

Keywords: building a light shed

The thirteenth day of the first month

On the thirteenth day of the first month, light the kitchen lamp. The lights made by each pilot. Tie lanterns and eat dumplings.

Today is the thirteenth day of the first lunar month. Preparations for the Lantern Festival are still going on. In the south of China, lanterns are appreciated on this day. An endless stream of China people will go to the Chenghuang Temple to enjoy the lanterns on this day. And this is just the prelude to the Lantern Festival. Besides the traditional red lanterns, there are many different styles of lanterns. The lantern show usually starts today and ends on the 18th day of the first month.

There is an important folk activity on the 13th day of the first month, which is called "the birthday of the lamp holder". On this day, people have to light a lamp under the kitchen stove, which is called "lighting the stove lamp". In fact, because the day of the lantern festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is approaching, the lamps made by all families are called "lamp holders".

On the fifteenth day of the first month, lanterns are usually tied from the thirteenth day of the first month. On the thirteenth day of the first month, it is "on the lamp"; 14th is "lamp test"; The fifteenth day is the "positive light"; On the 17th, the lights were turned off. Since the 13th day of the first month, people have started to put on lanterns and tie colored lanterns!

Keywords: buying lanterns/lighting

The fourteenth day of the first month

On the fourteenth day of the first month, I worship the water goddess to protect the health of women and children. Test lantern.

The fourteenth day of the first lunar month. In most parts of China, everything on 14th is for the Lantern Festival the next day. On this day, the Lantern Festival is open for the public to buy lanterns. For the Lantern Festival, performances like dragon and lion dances began to be practiced in the streets. Some people write riddles about solve riddles on the lanterns to increase the festive atmosphere. In China, riddles are very traditional crossword puzzles. Both adults and children like to solve these problems.

People call the 14th day of the first month the birthday of the "Goddess of Waterfront" (also known as the "Lady of Shuntian"). Legend has it that Empress Linshui, surnamed Chen, was born in the Great Calendar of the Tang Dynasty, and later became a fairy to save dystocia women. Therefore, the people set up a shrine to worship, which is called "the goddess near the water" and "the virgin of Shuntian". In fact, it is a protector that women have created for themselves in an era of no status and underdeveloped science, and it is also a way for them to inspire themselves for fear of dystocia.

In order to prepare for the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, both the people and the imperial court will set up light sheds, hang lanterns and make colorful decorations on this day, and do some preview activities of entertainment programs to become "test lights" in order to welcome the annual Lantern Festival. As for the vendors selling lanterns in the market, they have already prepared all kinds of lanterns, ready to sell them and become a "lantern market".

Keywords: solve riddles on the lanterns

The fifteenth day of the first month

On the fifteenth day of the first month, Lantern Festival, watching lanterns.

Eating Yuanxiao on the fifteenth day of the first month, as a food, has a long history in China. In the Song Dynasty, a novel food for the Lantern Festival was popular among the people. This kind of food was first called "Floating Yuanzi" and later called "Yuanxiao", and businessmen also called it "Yuanbao". Yuanxiao, or "Tangyuan", is filled with white sugar, rose, sesame, red bean paste, yellow cinnamon, walnut kernel, nuts, jujube paste, etc., and wrapped in glutinous rice flour into a round shape, which can be vegetarian and has different flavors. It can be boiled in soup, fried and steamed, which means a happy reunion. Shaanxi dumplings are not wrapped, but "rolled" in glutinous rice flour, or boiled or fried, hot and round.

Source: local chronicles are compiled on the internet.

Illegal storage and sale of fireworks and firecrackers, arrest!

Case 1

On February 5th, when the police of Bai Yuan Police Station of Yichuan County Bureau patrolled, they found that the supermarket operated by Li in Xiangtumen Village, Bai Yuan was selling firecrackers. They immediately inspected the supermarket and seized 4 boxes of firecrackers on the spot.Upon inquiry, Li confessed to the illegal behavior of illegally buying, selling and storing dangerous goods. The public security organ imposed a penalty of administrative detention on Li for 5 days according to law.

travel to watch industry
Recently, the Chengguan Police Station of Luoyang Xin ‘an County Bureau received a report from the masses that a store in Liucun, Chengguan Town illegally stored and sold fireworks and firecrackers. After receiving the clue, the police immediately rushed to the scene, on the spot.12 hung red cannons, 52 boxes of smashed cannons, 1 box of flute thunder and 2 sets of carpet red (5,000 rings) were seized and confiscated, and the public security organ imposed administrative detention on the store operator Chen Mou according to law.

Case 3
At 9 o’clock on January 28, Luoyang Yanshi Branch Zhai Zhen Police StationWhen the police conducted a fire inspection on the shops along the street in the jurisdiction, they found that a supermarket in Zhaixi Village, Zhaizhen Town stored fireworks and wiped off guns. After investigation, there were 52 boxes of 18-inch fireworks, 2 packages of high-quality fireworks, 525 yellow flowers and plants fireworks, 43 boxes of three-shot guns and 15 boxes of throwing guns in the supermarket.Public security organs shall, in accordance with the law, punish supermarket operatorsLiu moumouPunish by administrative detention.

Case 4

At about 16 o’clock on February 9, the police of Luoyang Luoning County Bureau patrol special police brigade found that a festive flower shop was suspected of selling fireworks and firecrackers. The police immediately inspected the shop and seized more than 20 boxes of fireworks and firecrackers on the spot.Li flower shopThe operator Duan was taken back to the public security organ for investigation. Upon inquiry, Duan confessed to the fact that he illegally sold fireworks and firecrackers. At present, Duan has been administratively detained for 5 days according to law.

Case 5
On January 29th, when the police of Caidian Police Station of Ruyang County Bureau of Luoyang inspected the safety of the jurisdiction, they found that a large number of fireworks and firecrackers were placed on a van parked beside a supermarket. After investigation, the supermarket operator Pu Mou was worriedDuring the Spring FestivalFireworks and firecrackers stored in my supermarket were investigated, so I put them on my van and sold them to others secretly.Public security organs according to lawThe punishment of administrative detention was imposed on Pu.

A comprehensive distinction between ＂culture＂ and ＂civilization＂

Authors: Wang Ruliang, Hou Chuanwen (School of History, Nanjing University, College of Literature, Qingdao University)

Culture and civilization are two important categories in the field of humanities and social sciences, and they are also a pair of terms with similarities, differences and complex relationships. There have always been different views on the connotation and extension of the two and the relationship between them, or different perspectives, or positions first, and no relatively consistent and clear understanding has been formed. The author tries to distinguish it from a comprehensive perspective.

Definition: broad sense and narrow sense

From the perspective of etymology, the original meaning of "culture" is cultivation and farming. Compared with nature, everything created by human processing belongs to culture. Therefore, one of the most extensive definitions of culture is "culture is humanization", which means all human activities and their achievements. Taylor, a British cultural anthropologist, put forward in his book Primitive Culture that "culture or civilization, in its broad ethnological sense, is a complex whole including knowledge, faith, art, morality, law, customs and the abilities and habits acquired by anyone as a member of society". He regards culture and civilization as synonyms and refers to them as the overall achievement of human activities.

Culture in a broad sense can be divided into material, system, custom, spirit and other levels: material culture refers to the results created by manual labor; Institutional culture, including macro-level laws and regulations, administrative system and micro-level rules and regulations; Custom culture refers to customs, traditions and practices that have been established and passed down from generation to generation; Spiritual culture refers to the achievements of human spiritual activities with literature, history, philosophy, ethics, religion and aesthetics as the main connotations. Culture in a narrow sense mainly refers to human spiritual activities and their achievements, which is the fourth level in the above broad understanding. Marxism holds that "a certain culture is the ideological reflection of politics and economy in a certain society", and regards culture as a certain ideological form, that is, it belongs to a narrow understanding.

The word "civilization" originated from the ancient Latin civis and civilis, its original meaning is urban residents, and it is extended to the citizenship of the Romans, which means that it is superior to the living conditions of foreigners at that time, especially barbarians, so "civilization" is relative to "savage" or "primitive". However, the evolution and use of "civilization" in later generations are far more complicated. Fukuzawa Yukichi, a modern Japanese enlightenment thinker, pointed out: "The meaning of civilization can be interpreted in a broad sense and a narrow sense. In a narrow sense, it is simply to increase the material needs of human beings by manpower or to increase the appearance decoration of food, clothing and shelter. If interpreted in a broad sense, it is not only to pursue the enjoyment of food, clothing and shelter, but also to inspire Xiu De and raise mankind to a noble realm. " That is to say, the narrow sense of civilization is limited to the development in the material field, while the broad sense of civilization includes the development in the material field and the progress in the spiritual field. In his understanding, man is a senior life pursuing meaning, and naturally he should not be satisfied with food and clothing for a while; Civilization is dynamic, and awakening, independence and civilization are the only way for a nation to achieve civilization. In the context of China, the word "civilization" is often understood in its broad sense. For example, the Encyclopedia of China (Philosophical Volume) interprets civilization as the sum of material and spiritual achievements of human beings in transforming the world, and the History of Chinese Civilization edited by Yuan Xingpei also decomposes civilization into three aspects in its general introduction: material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization.

Relationship: diachronic and synchronic

From the diachronic point of view, "civilization" is the product of the development of culture to a certain stage, and the two have their own priorities. In a broad sense, culture is humanization. Since people came into being, there has been conscious or unconscious cultural creation, but not since people came into being. In this sense, civilization is a concept that represents the evolution of human history, as opposed to the uncivilized and barbaric cultural state. This can also be derived from the western etymology of the two: the root of culture, whose original meaning is farming, originated from the early agricultural production mode of human beings, and the root of civilization, whose original meaning is urban and civil, originated from the urban life that appeared in the later period of human beings.

The discussion on the symbol of civilization mainly focuses on the following aspects: politically, there are large urban settlements, magnificent public buildings, obvious class division of residents and the formation of a country; Economically, there is a developed social division of labor and commodity exchange, a relatively fixed tax system or a regular tribute system; Ideologically, there are relatively unified religious beliefs of the whole nation, including objects of worship and sacrificial ceremonies; In culture and education, there are the use of words and the development of science and technology, and there are some forms of schools. Only a society with the above symbols and characteristics in culture can be considered as a civilized society. In other words, the formation of a civilized society needs the accumulation and breakthrough of culture and special conditions and opportunities; Civilization is the result of human beings’ transformation of nature, society and themselves to a certain extent, and it is an advanced stage of cultural development.

From a synchronic point of view, there are two main types of understanding of the relationship between them at present. In the first category, the two are regarded as synonyms, which are interlinked and cross-cutting, and can be broadly understood as human activities and their achievements, either undifferentiated or biased. The former is like Taylor’s understanding in Primitive Culture, and the latter is like Qian Mu’s point of view, "Generally civilized culture refers to the life of human groups. Civilization is on the outside, which belongs to the material aspect. Cultural bias is a spiritual aspect. " The second category regards civilization as an aggregate that embodies cultural identity and classifies cultures. Huntington, an American scholar, thinks in The Clash of Civilizations and the Reconstruction of World Order that "a civilization is the most extensive cultural entity … civilization is the highest cultural classification of people and the widest range of people’s cultural identity". This view is more representative in international academic circles, such as The Decline of the West by Bingler, Historical Research by Toynbee, and The Rise of the West-The History of Human Community by McNeill. Huntington took religion as the main symbol to define different civilizations, and divided the world after the Cold War into eight civilizations: Christian civilization, Confucian civilization, Islamic civilization, Japanese civilization, Indian civilization, Orthodox civilization, Latin American civilization and African civilization. This is similar to the four major cultural circles in the world: European and American cultural circles with Christian culture as the main body, East Asian cultural circles with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism as the main body, South Asian cultural circles with Hinduism and Buddhism as the main body, and West Asian and North African cultural circles with Islamic culture as the main body. Comparatively speaking, "cultural circle" has been replaced by "civilization" in appellation.The number has expanded from four to many, and the same thing is that religion is the dividing standard.

Application: subjective and objective

Culture and civilization are objective academic terms, which do not reflect specific value judgments. However, in the process of practical application, it is often artificially subjective, and the more representative ones are "culture-centered theory" and "civilization superiority theory".

Cultural-centered theory takes "self" culture as the center, and holds that self-culture’s beliefs, values, lifestyles and behavioral norms are superior to "other" culture. It may be generated and used between different cultural groups, different cultural categories and different cultural regions within the same civilization, and it may also be generated and used between different civilizations. The former is like Huaxia centralism in ancient China, and the latter is like Western centralism in modern times. The theoretical point of the latter is that after the Enlightenment, bourgeois revolution and industrial revolution, western culture is more advanced and developed than the East in politics, economy, science and technology, representing historical progress and inevitability.

In view of all kinds of cultural centralism, in the second half of the 20th century, the debate between cultural universalism and cultural relativism arose all over the world. Cultural universalism holds that the truth and value of human beings are universal and absolute, and human cultures have similar goals, unified values and common laws of development, which will surely be unified under the leadership of advanced and advanced cultures. Cultural relativism is the result of reflection on deconstructing cultural universalism and facing multicultural phenomena. It emphasizes that each culture has heterogeneity and independence that other cultures cannot share. Therefore, culture is relative and cannot be compared according to a unified model. The author believes that culture has both universality and relativity. Universality is the commonality of human culture, and relativity is the individuality of various cultures. Only by recognizing the commonness of culture and respecting the individuality of culture can we break away from the stereotype of cultural centralism.

The theory of superiority of civilization is a subjective argument that advocates that one’s own civilization is superior to other civilizations in history or reality. In history, the most representative is the "white superiority theory" based on racial differences. Morgan pointed out in "Ancient Society": "Aryans and Sumerians were the first to break away from the civilized state among all branches of human beings … These two groups were essentially the founders of civilization." Because Aryans and semu are both white, some westerners draw the conclusion that white people created civilization earlier, and then form the theory of white superiority. In fact, the four ancient civilizations in the East were all multi-racial, and the yellow race, black race and white race all participated in the creation of civilizations. In reality, the most representative is the theory of stagnation of eastern civilization, which is another form of the theory of superiority of western civilization. Its main point is that the eastern civilization, which has tended to be patterned and stereotyped in philosophy, literature, education and other fields since modern times, has been in a state of stagnation and needs to be stimulated and saved by the western civilization, which has been constantly reborn and developed sharply. This argument became an excuse for colonialists to invade and expand. For example, Fukuzawa Yukichi once advocated the war of aggression against China as a "war of civilization".

In this regard, in 1853, Marx put forward the scientific conclusion of colonialism’s dual mission in two articles: British rule in India and the future result of British rule in India. "Britain has to complete its dual mission in India: one is to destroy the old Asian society; The other is the mission of reconstruction, that is, to lay a material foundation for a western-style society in Asia. " In other words, the colonialists "acted as an unconscious tool of history" while doing all the bad things. This is the dialectics of history, not the so-called victory of superior civilization.

In a word, culture and civilization need to distinguish between broad and narrow meanings according to specific contexts. The relationship between them can be analyzed from the synchronic and diachronic perspectives. The theory of cultural center and the theory of civilization superiority are the results of the subjective application of these two concepts, which should be clearly understood.

(This article is the phased achievement of the major project "Oriental Cultural History" (11-ZD 082) of the National Social Science Fund)

Source: China Social Sciences Network-China Social Sciences News

The new normal of investment in education industry is coming： Xueda education and New Oriental are the focus, and vocational education and AI education have great potential.

According to the recent institutional research report, summarize the investment points of related industries for your reference:

Education industry:The teaching and training industry may usher in a new normal, so it is suggested to pay attention to legal and compliant teaching and training institutions, such as Xueda Education, New Oriental, Good Future, Kevin Education (002659), Tianli International, Siweile and Only Education (600661). In addition, vocational education, AI educational products and educational informatization are also investment directions worthy of attention.

Hotel & Travel Plate:Recently, there have been many callbacks, but the valuation of the core target is in a historically low position. It is suggested to focus on Jinjiang Hotel, BTG Hotel (600258), Junting Hotel, Huazhu Group, Jinling Hotel (601007), Tongcheng Travel, and American company Atour Group.

Human services section:It is recommended that Beijing Manpower, whose business model is defensive, pay attention to Career International (300662) and Foreign Service Holdings.

Mio Exhibition:Benefiting from the high prosperity and growth space of outreach business, it is worthy of attention.

Scenic plate:Song Cheng Performing Arts (300144) and Tianmu Lake (603136) with solid fundamentals are recommended, as well as CYTS (600138) and Changbai Mountain (603099) with complete tourism industry chains.

Duty-free plate:Benefiting from the backflow and upgrading of consumption, it is suggested to focus on China Zhongmian and Wangfujing (600859), as well as Hainan Airport, Haiqi Group (603069) and Hainan Development.

Catering industry:Recommend Naixue Tea, Haidilao, Tongqinglou, Guangzhou Restaurant (603043), Jiumaojiu, as well as catering leaders Xiabu Xiabu and Helens, which are expected to be restored in the same store after the epidemic, with strong growth fundamentals and new brands and new formats being hatched.

Risk warning:Macro-economic fluctuation risk and industry competition aggravate risk.

Look at the investment jokes and relax:

I heard that the education industry will usher in a new normal, and vocational education, AI education products and education informatization are also investment directions. So, will these educational institutions get good grades like good students? In the catering industry, Naixue Tea, Haidilao, Tongqinglou, etc. are also studying hard like classmates to prepare for the post-epidemic exam.

Hexun self-selected stock writer

Risk warning: The above contents are only the opinions of the author or guest, and do not represent any position of Hexun, and do not constitute any investment advice related to Hexun. Before making any investment decision, investors should consider the risk factors related to investment products according to their own conditions and consult professional investment consultants when necessary. Hexun tries its best to prove the authenticity, accuracy and originality of the above contents, and does not make any guarantee or commitment to this.

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Swimming, a fitness exercise that can last a lifetime.

Swimming can not only enjoy pleasant coolness, but also has a very "real" reason-research has confirmed that swimming is the most effective exercise for longevity.

The British "International Journal of Water Sports Research and Education" pointed out that swimming can enhance cardiopulmonary function, increase bone density, and is especially beneficial for people to develop good walking posture and reduce joint pain. Yuan Peng, a fitness coach, concluded: Such a healthy and safe exercise can be a lifelong fitness program.

Running in water doesn’t hurt your knees.

In a waist-deep pool, feeling the resistance of water, walking step by step is completely different from walking on land. At first, you can practice lower limb movement and swing arm in the water. When you are familiar with it, you can increase the range of movements, such as walking, walking backwards, running, and running in small steps.

Water fitness makes good use of the buoyancy of water to reduce the burden of gravity on the body. For example, when running on land, the knee joint has to bear an impact force equivalent to four times the weight, while running in water can not only avoid the injury to the knee joint, but also achieve the same exercise intensity. Overweight people can practice in the water to achieve the purpose of fitness.

Bicycle consumption in water is 20 times

Water spinning is a popular water fitness project in North America, which semi-submerges the stationary bicycle for the exerciser to pedal. Using the heat dissipation and fluidity of water, spinning in water is more interesting, and it has better effect on burning fat in legs and buttocks. Therefore, for people who want to lose weight in lower limbs, water spinning is a good fitness program choice in summer.

Moreover, because the thermal conductivity of water is more than 20 times that of air, even if it does not move in water, the human body will consume a lot of heat. Studies have shown that exercising in water for 20 minutes at the same intensity consumes the same amount of heat as exercising on land for more than one hour, which can quickly achieve fitness effects.

Shaping and moistening skin in water

If you want to shape, underwater body exercises are more interesting and effective. Including physical exercises such as equipment, yoga and aerobics in water, but these sports are not simply transplanted into water. For example, the instrument practice in water is mainly to take advantage of the resistance of water, and it can have a significant effect on shaping the chest, waist and buttocks with the help of empty water bottles, small buckets and balance rings. On the basis of traditional yoga, water yoga also adds camel style and horse running style, and makes full use of the resistance of water to protect the body from injury, thus reducing the possible physical injury and pain caused by traditional yoga practice.

When you exercise on land, you often forget abdominal breathing. However, when exercising in water, due to the pressure of water, the human body will be forced to change from chest breathing to abdominal breathing, which will strengthen the respiratory muscles and increase the vital capacity.

Moreover, when exercising in water, the temperature, pressure and resistance of water, as well as the flapping of water current and waves, can stimulate the skin, improve the blood circulation on the body surface, keep the skin moist and elastic, and delay aging, which is the first choice for women who love beauty.

Tips: The water temperature for body-building in water should not be too cold, and 29℃~30℃ is the best. The best exercise time is before meals or one hour after meals, 2~3 times a week for 30~45 minutes each time.

Football feast is shared by the world

　　A piece of 18k gold with a weight of 4.97kg was made into a unique "Hercules Cup" by Italian sculptor Gazzani. Every four years, men’s football teams all over the world fight for the highest honor, and fans all over the world are crazy about watching the ownership of this gold cup.

　　Among the more than 200 members of FIFA, dozens are frequent visitors to the Men’s Football World Cup, and more are spectators who can’t get the "tickets". But this does not prevent hundreds of millions of fans all over the world from following Wan Li, or waiting all night to release their enthusiasm for football.

　　The fans in China are also passionate about the World Cup. Although China’s men’s soccer team reached the World Cup finals only once, China fans’ "World Cup complex" is not inferior to other regions. In this hot summer, the World Cup will become a hot topic for domestic fans.

　　New horizon

　　Like many fans’ memories of the World Cup, Laotian, a 63-year-old retired worker, began to watch football in 1982. That year, CCTV broadcasted the World Cup for the first time. "I just bought a black-and-white TV set at home, and I got up in the middle of the night to watch the ball. It was an eye-opener. It turned out that football can play like this!" Laotian recalled.

　　Since then, Mr. Tian has never missed a World Cup, and the four-year "staying up late to watch the live broadcast" has almost become a model. In 2002, he also went to South Korea to witness the performance of China’s men’s soccer team in the World Cup. However, since the World Cup in South Africa in 2010, Mr. Laotian has found that the channel for watching the game is no longer just TV, and his son’s generation has already watched the ball on some online platforms. The popularity of the mobile Internet has opened a "new horizon" for fans.

　　On the occasion of the countdown to the 2018 World Cup, two video platforms, Mi Gu and Youku, announced that they had reached a cooperation with CCTV, and "pressed the whistle" to win the new media copyright of this World Cup. This means that domestic fans can watch all 64 live HD games on the mobile phone client and PC side of these two companies. "Enjoy the World Cup anytime, anywhere" is no longer just a slogan.

　　The time difference between Russia and China is five hours, and many games are in prime time for domestic users. It is roughly estimated that the domestic audience of this World Cup is expected to exceed 1 billion. Relying on the social network platform, the topic of the World Cup will spread explosively. Laotian said that his son has helped him download the mobile APP (application software) for watching the game, and a group of old golfers have also built a WeChat group. "Watching and chatting, the more interesting this World Cup is!"

　　new technology

　　Jerry Lee, a Tianjin fan, is a loyal fan of the English team, and the quarter-final of the 2010 World Cup still rankles him. "Lampard’s shot crossed the goal line as a whole in slow motion, but it was judged invalid by the referee on duty. A wrong judgment is likely to cost a team four years of hard work." However, despite the introduction of goal-line technology, wall spray and other means, there are still many controversial penalties in the World Cup referee in Brazil, and the referee repeatedly steals the camera to some extent, which reduces the excitement of the game.

　　In this World Cup in Russia, the technology of video assistant referee (VAR) will make its debut. This technology has been applied in World Club Cup, Confederations Cup, Super League, Bundesliga, Serie A and other competitions. "We have conducted experiments in more than 1,000 games and found that without VAR, there will be one misjudgment every three games on average, while with VAR, there will be one misjudgment every 19 games. Although it won’t solve all the problems, it’s obviously helpful for the game. " FIFA President infantino said a few days ago.

　　It is reported that FIFA will set up 33 broadcast seats in each match of this World Cup, including 8 slow cameras, 6 ultra-slow cameras and 2 seats for observing offside, and screen and confirm key penalties such as goals, penalties and red cards, which will also help the referee to punish some missed violent fouls. The introduction of VAR will make Diego Maradona’s "God’s hand" and Suarez’s "bite innocent" and other loophole-taking behaviors hard to escape.

　　However, while reducing "unjust, false and wrong cases", VAR has also been controversial. Frequently stopping the game, affecting the fluency of the game, and making the stoppage time longer are endless. Lampard said frankly that VAR technology is still immature, and it is too early to introduce the World Cup. Of course, more fans may vote for it like FIFA-after all, sometimes disputes and disputes waste no less time than watching videos.

　　Is the application of new technology adding color or chaos? Maybe we can only wait for the game to answer. "From the fans’ point of view, if the penalty is more convincing, it will increase the transparency of the game and football will return to its own excitement." Jerry Lee said.

　　New sensation

　　With Iran’s final submission of the 23-man roster, all 736 players from 32 teams in this Men’s Football World Cup have been confirmed. Among them, there are 9 players from the Super League. These familiar faces who play for Beijing Guoan, Guangzhou Evergrande and other teams make China fans feel more about watching the "home players" game.

　　Compared with previous World Cups, this time Russia is not far away. With the development of sports tourism, this World Cup may usher in the largest "sightseeing group" of South Korean fans since the 2002 World Cup in China and China. It is estimated that 100,000 South Korean fans will rush to the scene to watch the game. As of June 8th, the World Cup tickets announced by FIFA show that China fans have bought more than 40,000 tickets, exceeding expectations.

　　In addition, China elements have been deeply blended with the World Cup. One third of the 15 sponsors and partners listed by official website in the Russian World Cup are China enterprises. From the peripheral products such as mascots and fans’ equipment, to the air-conditioning equipment in venues and billboards beside the stadium, China elements are readily available.

　　The World Cup is a festival for fans all over the world. People participate in it, not only to watch the game. As far as predicting the results of the game is concerned, Pele, the king of the ball, is famous all over the world. Paul Octopus created the magic of predicting all the results of eight games in the 2010 World Cup. It is said that the official of the World Cup in Russia also owns a white Persian cat named Achilles, and I don’t know how to behave.

　　The suspense of winning or losing the men’s soccer World Cup match and the elegant demeanor of the star players all affect the hearts of China fans. Perhaps it is to support a certain team and feel the "heartbeat acceleration" from the ups and downs of the green story; Perhaps it is a kind of nostalgia, the days that those classic moments accompanied, and also recorded their lost youth; Maybe it’s just a fad to follow the trend and seek common interests in hot topics … In any case, the curtain of the 2018 Men’s Football World Cup will open. In the next month or so, football will ignite the passion of fans, and a football feast will bring new memories to fans.

　　People’s Daily (23rd edition, June 13, 2018)