Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Issuing the Measures for the Administration of Value-added Tax and Consumption Tax on Export Goods and Services

Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Issuing the Measures for the Administration of Value-added Tax and Consumption Tax on Export Goods and Services 

  In order to facilitate taxpayers to apply for tax refund (exemption) and exemption for export goods and services, improve service quality and further standardize management, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China has cleaned up and improved the regulations on the administration of value-added tax and consumption tax on export goods and services, and formulated the Measures for the Administration of Value-added Tax and Consumption Tax on Export Goods and Services. It is now released.

 

                            General administration of taxation
                              June 14th, 2012

    

Measures for the administration of value-added tax and consumption tax on export goods and services

 

  1. These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Administration of Tax Collection, the Provisional Regulations on Value-added Tax in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Provisional Regulations on Consumption Tax in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the detailed rules for its implementation, as well as the provisions of the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on export goods and services value-added tax and consumption tax policies.
  2. These Measures shall apply to the refund (exemption) and exemption of value-added tax and consumption tax for export goods, treated as export goods, and processing, repair and repair services provided to foreign countries (hereinafter referred to as export goods and services).
  The scope of export enterprises and export goods and services, the applicable scope and calculation method of tax refund (exemption) and tax exemption shall be implemented according to the Notice of the Ministry of Finance of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Export Goods Value-added Tax and Consumption Tax Policies (Caishui [2012] No.39).
  Iii. Determination of export tax refund (exemption) qualification
  (1) An export enterprise shall, within 30 days from the date of filing and registering a foreign trade operator or signing the first entrusted export agreement, fill in the Application Form for Qualification Recognition of Export Tax Refund (Exemption) (see Annex 1, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the following information to the competent tax authorities for qualification recognition of export tax refund (Exemption):
  1. The Registration Form for Foreign Trade Operators or the Approval Certificate for Foreign-invested Enterprises in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stamped with the special seal for registration;
  2. People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs declaration registration certificate for the consignee and consignor of import and export goods;
  3. Bank account opening license;
  4. A production enterprise that has not registered for the record and has entrusted export business provides an agreement on entrusted export, and it is not necessary to provide the information in Items 1 and 2;
  5. Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  (2) Other units should fill in the Application Form for Qualification of Export Tax Refund (Exemption), provide the bank account opening permit and other materials required by the competent tax authorities, and go to the competent tax authorities for qualification of export tax refund (exemption).
  (3) Export enterprises and other units can declare value-added tax refund (exemption) or tax exemption, as well as consumption tax refund (exemption) or tax exemption in accordance with regulations within the specified tax refund (exemption) reporting period after the export goods and services that occurred before the qualification of export tax refund (exemption) was confirmed.
  (4) If the contents of the qualification for export tax refund (exemption) of export enterprises and other units are changed, they shall fill in the Application Form for Change of Qualification for Export Tax Refund (Exemption) within 30 days from the date of change (see Annex 2, omitted, please log on the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide relevant information to apply to the competent tax authorities for change of qualification for export tax refund (exemption).
  (5) Export enterprises and other units that need to cancel their tax registration should fill in the Application Form for Confirmation and Cancellation of Export Tax Refund (Exemption) Qualification (see Annex 3, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), apply to the competent tax authorities for cancellation of export tax refund (Exemption) qualification, and then go through the cancellation of tax registration according to the regulations.
  Export enterprises and other units shall settle the export tax refund (exemption) before applying for cancellation. After the cancellation, export enterprises and other units shall not declare for export tax refund (exemption).
  Four, production enterprises export goods tax exemption declaration
  (a) the application procedures and time limit
  The goods exported by the enterprise in the current month shall be declared as VAT tax, tax exemption and refund and consumption tax exemption to the competent tax authorities within the next month’s VAT tax declaration period.
  The enterprise shall collect all relevant documents during the VAT tax declaration period from the date of declaration of goods for export (subject to the export date in the export goods declaration form < Special for Export Tax Refund >, the same below) to April 30th of the following year, and apply to the competent tax authorities for VAT exemption and refund and consumption tax refund for export goods. Overdue, the enterprise shall not declare tax exemption and refund.
  (2) Application materials
  1 enterprises to the competent tax authorities for value-added tax declaration, in addition to providing relevant information according to the provisions of the tax declaration, should also provide the following information:
  (1) Summary Form of Tax Exemption, Credit and Tax Refund Declaration confirmed by the competent tax authorities (see Annex 4, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  (2) Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  2. An enterprise shall provide the following documents to the competent tax authorities for the declaration of VAT exemption and refund:
  (1) Summary of Tax Exemption, Credit and Tax Refund Declaration and its schedule (see Annex 5, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  (2) Information Form of Tax Exemption and Refund (see Annex 6, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  (3) List of Declaration for Exemption, Credit and Tax Refund of Export Goods of Production Enterprises (see Annex 7, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  (4) Electronic data for formal declaration of export goods tax refund (exemption).
  (5) The following original documents:
  (1) Customs declaration form for export goods (special for export tax refund, except for those not specified below) (the export enterprises in the bonded area can provide the record list of export goods in the bonded area of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs, hereinafter referred to as the record list of export goods, the same below);
  (2) Verification Form of Export Receipt (export tax rebate form, which is not specified below) (for forward settlement, the record certificate of forward receipt of foreign exchange shall be provided, and the export enterprises in the bonded area shall provide the settlement memo. Enterprises in RMB settlement business of cross-border trade, trial export tax rebate are exempted from providing paper verification forms of export proceeds and pilot areas of foreign exchange management system reform of goods trade, the same below);
  ③ export invoice;
  (4) for the goods entrusted for export, the certificate of export agent issued by the competent tax authorities of the entrusted party and a copy of the export agent agreement shall also be provided;
  ⑤ Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  3. If the goods exported by production enterprises are regarded as self-produced goods and the non-self-produced goods exported by listed production enterprises belong to consumption tax taxable consumer goods (hereinafter referred to as taxable consumer goods), the following information shall also be provided:
  (1) Declaration Form for Consumption Tax Refund of Goods Exported by Production Enterprises (Annex 8 is omitted, please refer to the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  (2) The original or photocopy of the special payment book or split bill for consumption tax, the special payment book for customs import consumption tax, and the tax withholding and collection certificate for entrusted processing to recover taxable consumer goods.
  (3) Enterprises engaged in feed processing business shall also handle manual registration, declaration of imported materials and parts and manual verification according to the following provisions:
   1. After handling the manual (account) of the import processing trade, the enterprise shall fill in the Registration Form for Import Processing of Production Enterprises (see Annex 9, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), provide the officially declared electronic data and the following materials within the VAT tax declaration period from the actual import date of the materials to the next month (if the materials are deducted by the actual consumption method, from the actual consumption date to the next month), and apply to the competent tax authorities for processing the materials.
  (1) The enterprise that adopts paper manual shall provide the original and photocopy of the manual for feeding and processing; Enterprises adopting electronic manuals shall provide electronic paper documents of processing trade signed and sealed by the customs; Enterprises that use electronic account books shall provide the Record Certificate for Electronic Account Books of Enterprises under the Supervision of Processing Trade Networking issued by the Customs.
  (2) Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  For enterprises engaged in feed processing business by double entrustment (the import and export of production enterprises are entrusted to export enterprises, the same below), the entrusting party shall go through the registration formalities of feed processing with the competent tax authorities on the strength of the agency import and export agreement and a copy of the above information of the entrusted party.
  In case of any change in the processing unit, the total amount of registered imported materials, the total amount of registered exported goods, the validity period of the manual, etc., the paper manual, electronic manual or electronic account book that has gone through the registration formalities of feed processing, the enterprise shall fill in the Application Form for Registration and Change of Feed Processing of Production Enterprises (Annex 10, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) and provide the official electronic data for declaration and the changed relevant materials issued by the customs to the supervisor within the VAT tax declaration period of the next month.
  2. Enterprises engaged in the processing of imported materials shall report to the competent tax authorities the Detailed List of Materials Imported by Production Enterprises for Processing of Imported Materials (see Annex 11, omitted, please refer to the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) and the List of Materials Imported by Production Enterprises for Processing of Exported Goods by Processing of Imported Goods with the materials such as the declaration form of imported goods, the certificate of imported goods on behalf of the agent and the import agreement.
  3. Enterprises that use paper manuals or electronic manuals should fill in the Application Form for Registration and Verification of Manuals for Raw Materials Processing of Production Enterprises (see Annex 13, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), provide formal electronic data and paper manuals or electronic manuals, and apply to the competent tax authorities for verification of raw materials processing during the VAT tax declaration period from the date when the customs issues the notice of closing the case (subject to the closing date, the same below); Enterprises that use electronic account books should fill in the Application Form for Registration and Write-off of Manuals for Raw Materials Processing of Production Enterprises within the next month’s VAT tax declaration period from the date when the customs issues the notice of write-off closing to provide formal electronic data, and apply to the competent tax authorities for write-off of raw materials processing.
  The enterprise shall calculate and adjust the current VAT tax declaration and tax exemption and refund declaration according to the amount of duty-free imported materials after verification.
  (4) Where domestic duty-free raw materials without input tax are purchased for processing export goods, the enterprise shall separately account for the duty-free raw materials used for processing export goods, and fill in the Application Form for Deducting Domestic Duty-free Raw Materials for Export Goods of Production Enterprises (see Annex 14, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) during the period from the date of purchase of duty-free raw materials to the next month, provide formal electronic data for declaration, and go through the declaration formalities with the competent tax authorities.
  (V) Adjustment of the declaration data of tax exemption and refund
  If the previous declaration is wrong, it will be adjusted in the current period. In the current period, negative numbers will be used to offset the previous erroneous declaration data in full, and then full declaration will be made again.
  If the goods are returned this year, the original declaration data of tax exemption and refund will be offset by negative numbers in the current period; In case of cross-year return, the original tax exemption and refund shall be paid in full and adjusted accordingly according to the relevant provisions of the current accounting system.
  If tax exemption or taxation measures are required to be implemented in this year, the original tax exemption and refund declaration data will be offset by negative numbers in the current period; For those who have declared tax exemption and tax refund across the year, if tax exemption or taxation is required, the original tax exemption and tax refund should be paid in full without negative deduction, and adjusted accordingly according to the relevant provisions of the current accounting system.
  Five, foreign trade enterprises export goods tax exemption declaration
  (a) the application procedures and time limit
  The goods exported by the enterprise in the current month shall be declared to the competent tax authorities within the next month’s VAT declaration period, and the sales of export goods subject to the tax refund (exemption) policy shall be reported in the "sales of duty-free goods" column of the VAT tax declaration form.
  The enterprise shall collect all relevant vouchers and apply to the competent tax authorities for the exemption and refund of value-added tax and consumption tax on exported goods during the reporting period of value-added tax from the month following the date of customs declaration and export to April 30 of the following year. With the approval of the competent tax authorities, enterprises can also apply for tax exemption declaration at other times outside the VAT tax declaration period. Overdue, the enterprise shall not declare tax exemption.
  (2) Application materials
  1. Summary Declaration Form for Export Tax Refund of Foreign Trade Enterprises (see Annex 15, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  2. Detailed Declaration Form for Export Tax Refund of Foreign Trade Enterprises (see Annex 16, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  3. Detailed Export Tax Refund Declaration Form of Foreign Trade Enterprises (see Annex 17, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  4. Electronic data for formal declaration of export goods tax refund (exemption).
  5. The following original documents
  (1) customs declaration form for export goods;
  (2) Special VAT invoice (deduction coupon), export tax rebate purchase batch declaration form, and special customs import VAT payment form (if the special customs import VAT payment form is provided, the customs declaration form for imported goods shall be provided at the same time, the same below);
  (3) the verification form of export proceeds;
  (4) For the goods entrusted for export, the certificate of export agent issued by the competent tax authorities of the entrusted party and a copy of the export agent agreement shall also be provided;
  (5) For taxable consumer goods, it shall also provide a special payment book for consumption tax or a separate bill, and a special payment book for customs import consumption tax (if a special payment book for customs import consumption tax is provided, it shall also provide a customs declaration form for imported goods, the same below);
  (6) Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  Six, export enterprises and other units shall be regarded as export goods and provide processing, repair and replacement services to foreign countries.
  The declaration of tax refund (exemption) for goods that enter the special area and are sold to units or overseas units and individuals in the special area, and the declaration of tax refund (exemption) for production enterprises or foreign trade enterprises outside the special area shall be handled according to the provisions of Articles 4 and 5 of these Measures respectively.
  Other goods deemed to be exported and processing, repair and replacement services provided to the outside world are declared for export, and those that are not declared for export sales are declared for export invoices or ordinary invoices, and export enterprises or other units shall declare tax refund (exemption) within the tax declaration period of VAT from the following month to April 30th of the following year. Overdue, export enterprises or other units shall not declare tax refund (exemption). When declaring the tax refund (exemption), the production enterprises shall, in addition to Article 4 of these Measures, foreign trade enterprises and other units without production capacity shall, in addition to the provisions of Article 5 of these Measures, declare [do not provide the verification form for export proceeds; Export enterprises and other units shall provide the following corresponding supplementary materials in addition to the following goods and services, which do not provide customs declaration forms and export invoices for export goods, but ordinary invoices for sales by production enterprises:
  (1) For export goods aided by foreign countries, a copy of the approval of the Ministry of Commerce for the use of preferential foreign aid loans (the "foreign aid task book") or a copy of the approval of the Ministry of Commerce for the use of foreign aid joint venture cooperation project funds (the "foreign aid task book") shall be provided.
  (two) for the export goods of foreign contracted projects, the contract for foreign contracted projects shall be provided; In case of subcontracting, the export enterprises or other units undertaking subcontracting shall apply for tax refund (exemption). When applying for tax refund (exemption), the subcontracting contract (agreement) shall be provided in addition to the foreign contracting contract.
  (3) For export goods used for overseas investment, copies of the documents approved by the Ministry of Commerce and its authorized units for their overseas investment shall be provided.
  (4) For the goods declared to the customs and transported into the warehouse under customs supervision for sale in duty-free shops in the customs isolation zone, the declaration form for export goods provided shall be stamped with the special seal for customs declaration of duty-free goods trading enterprises; For the goods sold by duty-free shops in the international customs isolation zone of Shanghai Hongqiao and Pudong Airport, the customs declaration form for export goods shall be stamped with the special seal for duty-free shop declaration, and the customs shall provide the verification certificate for the goods sold by duty-free shops.
  (five) the winning mechanical and electrical products sold shall provide the following information:
  1. Notice of Certificate of Winning Bid issued by the competent tax authorities where the tenderer is located;
  2. The bid-winning certificate issued by China tendering company or other domestic tendering organizations (original);
  3. The supply contract (agreement) signed by the winning bidder and China tendering company or other tendering organizations;
  4. The invoice issued by the winning bidder to the user in accordance with the provisions of the tender and the supply contract;
  5. Receiving list of users of mechanical and electrical products who won the bid;
  6. The mechanical and electrical products that are subcontracted by foreign enterprises to domestic enterprises after winning the bid shall also be provided with subcontracts (agreements) signed with the winning enterprises.
  (6) Self-produced offshore engineering structures sold to offshore oil and gas exploration enterprises shall provide sales contracts.
  (7) For the goods sold to ocean-going vessels and ocean-going vessels, an export invoice shall be provided which lists the name, quantity and sales amount of the goods sold and is signed by the captains of ocean-going vessels and ocean-going vessels.
  (eight) the following information shall be provided for the production and sale of aviation food for international flights of domestic and foreign airlines:
  1. Catering contracts signed with airlines;
  2. Catering schedule provided by airlines (flight number, landing city, etc. must be indicated);
  3. Delivery list signed by flight attendants of international flights (airline name, flight number, etc. shall be indicated).
  (nine) to provide foreign processing, repair and replacement services, the following information shall be provided:
  1. The customs declaration form for the export of goods other than the repair and repair of ships with the trade mode of "repaired goods";
  2 repair and replacement contracts signed with overseas units and individuals;
  3. Maintenance work order (provided for foreign aircraft repair and repair business).
  Seven, export goods and services tax refund (exemption) other reporting requirements.
  (a) the import of water and electricity in special areas, by the purchase of water and electricity in special areas of production enterprises to declare tax rebates. The enterprise shall declare the tax refund to the competent tax authorities during the tax declaration period of VAT from the next month after the issuance of the special VAT invoice for purchased goods to April 30 of the following year. Overdue, the enterprise shall not declare tax refund. When applying for tax refund, you should fill in the Declaration Form for Tax Refund of Goods Purchased for Self-use (see Annex 18, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide official electronic declaration data and the following information:
  1. Special VAT invoice (deduction);
  2. Bank settlement voucher for payment of water, electricity and gas expenses (copy with bank seal).
  (2) If the goods brought into the bonded area belong to the warehousing enterprises that are sold by export enterprises to overseas units and individuals, and the overseas units and individuals store them in the bonded area, the warehousing enterprises shall go through the customs declaration formalities when they leave the country. If the customs issues a declaration form for export goods entering the bonded area after all of them leave the country, the production enterprises and foreign trade enterprises outside the bonded area shall, when declaring tax refund (exemption), provide the information specified in Articles 4 and 5 of these Measures respectively, and also provide the outbound goods of the warehousing enterprises for the record. The export date for determining the time limit for declaring tax refund (exemption) shall be based on the export date on the record list of the last batch of outbound goods.
  (3) Equipment purchased by export enterprises and other units before December 31, 2008, equipment purchased after January 1, 2009 but not allowed to deduct the input tax according to relevant regulations, equipment purchased by non-VAT taxpayers, and equipment purchased by export enterprises and other units in the pilot area of changing business tax to VAT before the pilot of this enterprise, if they belong to used equipment for which the input tax has not been deducted, shall be subject to the VAT exemption and refund method.
  Export enterprises and other units shall separately declare the tax refund to the competent tax authorities within each VAT tax declaration period from the month following the date of customs declaration and export of goods to April 30 of the following year. Overdue, export enterprises and other units shall not declare tax refund. When applying for tax refund, you should fill in the Application Form for Tax Refund of Used Equipment for Export (see Annex 19, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the official electronic data and the following information:
  1. Export goods declaration form;
  2. For the goods entrusted for export, the certificate of export agent issued by the competent tax authorities of the entrusted party and the export agent agreement shall also be provided;
  3. Special VAT invoice (deduction form) or special payment form for customs import VAT;
  4. Verification form of export proceeds;
  5. Confirmation Form of Depreciation of Used Equipment for Export (see Annex 20, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details);
  6. Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  (4) For export goods that are settled in RMB from the border port of the province (autonomous region) where they are located under general trade or small-scale border trade in border areas, and are settled in RMB by bank transfer, when the production enterprises and foreign trade enterprises declare tax refund (exemption), they should provide the bank receipts settled in RMB in addition to the information specified in Articles 4 and 5 of these Measures respectively, which should match the verification form of export proceeds issued by the foreign exchange administration department. If it is really difficult to provide the bank bill, it can provide the verification form of export proceeds with the endorsement of "RMB verification".
  (5) For the goods exported by RMB settlement in cross-border trade, the export enterprise does not need to provide the export receipt verification form to declare tax refund (exemption).
  (6) Export enterprises and other units shall fill in the corresponding marks of the goods listed in Annex 21 in the column of "Tax Refund (Exemption) Business Type" in the schedule of the declaration report when declaring the tax refund (exemption) of the goods listed in Annex 21 (omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  Eight, the relevant provisions of the original certificate of tax refund (exemption)
  (1) Special VAT invoice (deduction)
  Export enterprises and other units shall go through the certification procedures for special VAT invoices obtained by purchasing export goods and services. Special VAT invoices for which the input tax has been deducted shall not be provided when declaring tax refund (exemption).
  If the export enterprises and other units lose the invoice and deduction of the special VAT invoices, they can report the tax refund (exemption) to the competent tax authorities on the basis of the copy of the bookkeeping copy of the special VAT invoices and the tax return certificate issued by the local competent tax authorities where the seller is located.
  If the export enterprises and other units lose the deduction of special VAT invoices, they can declare the tax refund (exemption) to the tax authorities in charge of export tax refund with a copy of the invoice of special VAT invoices after the certification of special VAT invoices is consistent.
  (2) Customs declaration form for export goods
  The export enterprise shall confirm the customs declaration in the "China Electronic Port Export Tax Refund Subsystem" in time after the goods are declared for export. Inquire about the electronic information of export goods declaration form in time. If there is no electronic information of export goods declaration form, it should be reported to China electronic port or the competent tax authorities in time.
  If the consignor exports the goods and other goods through customs declaration in one lump sum, the consignor may provide a copy of the declaration form for export goods when declaring tax refund (exemption).
  (three) export verification form
  In any of the following circumstances, an export enterprise must provide a verification form for export proceeds when declaring export tax refund (exemption) within 2 years from the date of occurrence:
  1. The tax credit rating is C or D;
  2. Failing to apply for the qualification confirmation of export tax refund (exemption) within the prescribed time limit;
  3. The financial accounting system is not perfect, and there are many mistakes in the daily declaration of export tax refund (exemption);
  4. Apply for export tax refund (exemption) for the first time;
  5. Tax-related violations such as tax evasion, evasion of tax payment, defrauding export tax rebates, refusing to pay taxes, falsely issuing special VAT invoices or agricultural product purchase invoices, and accepting false VAT invoices (except for obtaining false VAT invoices in good faith).
  Export enterprises do not have the above five situations, including those newly established and re-qualified for export tax refund (exemption) due to restructuring, reorganization, merger, division and other reasons, and the original export enterprises do not have the above-mentioned circumstances, and are approved by the provincial tax authorities, when reporting export tax refund (exemption), they may temporarily not provide the verification form for export proceeds. However, before the deadline for the declaration of export tax refund (exemption), the verification forms of export foreign exchange receipts bound monthly in the order of declaration list shall be collected and provided.
  (four) the relevant documents for the record
  An export enterprise shall, within 15 days after declaring the export tax refund (exemption), fill in the Catalogue of Record Documents for Export Goods in the order of declaring the export goods with tax refund (exemption), and indicate the storage place of the record documents for the competent tax authorities to check:
  1. Purchase contracts of foreign trade enterprises, purchase contracts of non-self-produced goods for export by production enterprises, including supplementary contracts signed under a purchase and sale contract, etc.;
  2. Export cargo manifest;
  3. Export cargo transport documents (including: ocean bills of lading, air waybills, railway waybills, cargo transport documents, postal receipts and other cargo documents issued by carriers, as well as domestic transport documents for export enterprises to bear the freight).
  If the above-mentioned original documents cannot be obtained, the export enterprise may use other documents with similar contents or functions for document filing. Unless otherwise specified, the filing documents shall be stored and kept by the export enterprise, and shall not be damaged without authorization, and the retention period shall be 5 years.
  It is regarded as export goods and foreign repair and replacement services, and the management of filing documents is not implemented.
  Nine, export enterprises and other units to apply the tax exemption policy of export goods and services declaration.
  (1) Goods in special areas exported by enterprises in special areas, goods and services exported by exporting enterprises or other units that are subject to the tax exemption policy shall apply to the competent tax authorities for tax exemption of value-added tax and consumption tax in the tax declaration of the next month of export or sales.
  (2) For other export goods and services that are subject to the tax exemption policy, export enterprises and other units should fill in the List of Duty-free Export Goods and Services (see Annex 22, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) in the next month when the duty-free business of goods and services occurs (the next quarter is the quarter when the value-added tax declaration is made quarterly), provide formal electronic data for declaration, and go through the formalities of duty-free declaration with the competent tax authorities. The customs declaration form of export goods (the certificate of export goods on commission) and other materials shall be kept by the enterprise for future reference.
  For the goods entrusted for export by non-export enterprises, the entrusting party shall apply for VAT and consumption tax exemption declaration to the competent tax authorities within the VAT declaration period of the next month (quarterly VAT declaration is the next quarter) when the goods and services duty-free business occurs, with the materials such as the certificate of agent export goods issued by the competent tax authorities of the entrusted party and the copy of the agent export agreement.
  If export enterprises and other units fail to declare export tax refund (exemption) or issue the Certificate of Goods Exported as an Agent within the prescribed time limit, and have declared VAT refund (exemption) but fail to complete the VAT refund (exemption) certificate to the tax authorities within the prescribed time limit, if it is determined that the VAT exemption policy will be implemented before the deadline for tax refund (exemption), export enterprises and other units may, in the next month when the tax exemption is determined, pay VAT tax according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. Those who have already declared tax exemption shall not declare export tax refund (exemption) or declare and issue the certificate of export agent.
  (3) If the export goods in Item (2) and Item (3) of this Article have been refunded (exempted), foreign trade enterprises and other units without production capacity shall pay back the refunded tax before declaring the tax exemption; According to the provisions of Item (5) of Article 4 of these Measures, the production enterprise shall adjust the declaration data or pay the original tax exemption and refund in full.
  (four) the relevant tax exemption certificate and tax exemption verification.
  1. Relevant certificates of cigarettes exported within the national plan and tax-free verification.
  When purchasing cigarettes from cigarette production enterprises, cigarette export enterprises should first apply to the competent tax authorities for the issuance of the Application Form for Certificate of Granting Duty-free Purchase of Export Cigarettes (see Annex 23, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and then forward the Certificate of Granting Duty-free Purchase of Export Cigarettes (see Annex 24, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) to the cigarette production enterprises, and the cigarette production enterprises shall report to the competent tax authorities for tax exemption accordingly.
  Cigarettes that have been granted duty-free purchase shall be sold by cigarette production enterprises to export enterprises at prices excluding consumption tax and value-added tax, and an Application Form for Tax Exemption Certificate for Exported Cigarettes shall be submitted to the competent tax authorities (see Annex 25, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details). After the tax authorities in charge of cigarette production enterprises approve the tax exemption, they will issue the Certificate of Tax Exemption for Exported Cigarettes (see Annex 26, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) and send it directly to the tax authorities in charge of cigarette export enterprises.
  Cigarette export enterprises (including enterprises that purchase duty-free cigarettes for export, production enterprises that directly export self-produced cigarettes, and production enterprises that entrust the export of self-produced cigarettes) shall go through the formalities of duty-free verification of export cigarettes with the competent tax authorities during the tax declaration period of the value-added tax from the next month after the date of cigarette declaration and export to April 30 of the following year. Overdue, the export enterprise shall not declare the verification, and shall pay the value-added tax and consumption tax according to the regulations. When applying for write-off, you should fill in the Declaration Form for Duty-free Write-off of Export Cigarettes (see Annex 27, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the official electronic data and the following information:
  (1) customs declaration form for export goods;
  (2) the export proceeds verification form;
  (3) export invoices;
  (4) export contracts;
  (5) Certificate of Duty Free for Exported Cigarettes (provided by the enterprise that purchased duty-free cigarettes for export);
  (6) Certificate of goods exported as an agent, and a copy of the agreement on export as an agent (provided by the manufacturer entrusted to export self-produced cigarettes);
  (7) Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  2. Tax exemption certificate and verification of goods exported by processing with supplied materials.
  (1) After obtaining the general invoice of the processing fee issued by the processing enterprise, the export enterprise engaged in the entrusted processing business of processing with materials shall fill in the Application Form for Tax Exemption Certificate of Processing with Materials (see Annex 28, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), provide the electronic data for formal declaration, and apply for the Tax Exemption Certificate of Processing with Materials with the following materials to the competent tax authorities (see Annex 29).
  (1) the original and photocopy of the customs declaration form for imported goods;
  (2) Original and photocopy of the ordinary invoice for processing fee issued by the processing enterprise;
  ③ Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  The export enterprise shall hand over the Certificate of Tax Exemption for Processing with Materials to the processing enterprise, and the processing enterprise shall report to the competent tax authorities with this certificate to handle the tax exemption procedures for value-added tax and consumption tax of processing fees.
  (2) After the export enterprise exports the goods in the form of "processing with materials" and goes through the customs verification procedures, it shall go through the formalities of tax-free verification of the processed export goods with the competent tax authorities with the written-off closing notice issued by the customs, the Application Form for Verification of Tax Exemption Certificate of the processed export goods with materials (see Annex 30, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) and the following materials and officially declared electronic data:
  (1) the original and photocopy of the export goods declaration form;
  (2) tax exemption certificate for processing with supplied materials;
  (3) Original and photocopy of the ordinary invoice for processing fee issued by the processing enterprise;
  (4) other information required by the competent tax authorities.
  X. Handling of relevant documents and certificates
  (a) the certificate of export agent.
  For the goods entrusted for export, the Consignee shall apply to the competent tax authorities for the Certificate of Goods Exported as an Agent (Annex 31 is omitted, please refer to the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) from the date when the goods are declared for export to April 15th of the following year, and forward it to the Consignee in time. If the time limit is exceeded, the Consignee shall not declare and issue the Certificate of Goods Exported as an Agent. When applying for the certificate of export goods as an agent, you should fill in the Application Form for Certificate of Export Goods as an Agent (see Annex 32, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the official electronic data and the following information:
   1. Original and photocopy of the agency export agreement;
   2. Export goods declaration form;
   3. A copy of the tax registration certificate of the entrusting party;
   4. Other materials required by the competent tax authorities.
  If the consignee is disqualified from tax refund (exemption), it shall not apply for issuing a certificate of export goods as an agent.
  (2) Certificate of import of goods as an agent
  For materials and parts entrusted to import processing trade, the consignee shall promptly apply to the competent tax authorities for issuing a certificate of import of goods as an agent, and hand it over to the consignor in time. When applying for issuing the certificate of import of goods as an agent, the trustee shall fill in the Application Form for Certificate of Import of Goods as an Agent (see Annex 33, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the official electronic data and the following materials:
  1. Processing trade manual and its copy;
  2. Import goods declaration form (special for processing trade);
  3. Original and photocopy of the agency import agreement;
  4. Other materials required by the competent tax authorities.
  (three) the certificate that the export goods have been returned with tax paid (not refunded)
  If the export goods are returned, the export enterprise shall first apply to the competent tax authorities for the issuance of the Certificate of Refund of Export Goods for Tax Payment (No Tax Refund) (see Annex 34, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and take it to the customs to apply for the return of export goods. If the goods consigned for export are returned, the entrusting party shall apply for issuing a certificate that the export goods have been returned with tax paid (not refunded) and hand it over to the entrusting party. When applying for issuing the Certificate of Returned Export Goods with Paid Tax (No Tax Refund), you should fill in the Application Form for Certificate of Returned Export Goods with Paid Tax (No Tax Refund) (see Annex 35, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the official electronic data and the following information:
  1. Export goods declaration form (if the tax refund has been declared when the goods are returned, it is not required to be provided);
  2. Export invoice (not required by foreign trade enterprises);
  3. The original and photocopy of the general tax payment book (if the tax refund is not declared at the time of return, and if the production enterprise returns the goods this year, it is not required to provide it);
  4. Other materials required by the competent tax authorities.
  (4) reissue the certificate of export declaration form and the certificate of verification of export proceeds.
  If the customs declaration form of export goods or the verification form of export proceeds are lost, the export enterprise shall apply to the competent tax authorities for issuing a certificate of re-issuing the export customs declaration form or a certificate of re-issuing the verification form of export proceeds.
  1. To apply for issuing the certificate of re-submitting the export declaration form, you should fill in the Application Form for Re-submitting the Export Declaration Form (see Annex 36, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the electronic data for formal declaration and the following materials:
  (1) customs declaration form for export goods (other customs declaration information pages printed by the port electronic law enforcement system);
  (2) Other materials required by the competent tax authorities.
  2. To apply for the issuance of a certificate for the verification of export proceeds, you should fill in the Application Form for the Verification of Export Proceeds (see Annex 37, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the official electronic data and the following materials:
  (1) the customs declaration form for export goods (the information page of the customs declaration form printed for export tax refund or other links or through the port electronic law enforcement system);
  (2) Other materials required by the competent tax authorities.
  (five) export tax rebate purchase batch declaration form
  Where foreign trade enterprises need to declare tax refund (exemption) in batches when purchasing goods, and production enterprises need to declare consumption tax refund in batches when purchasing non-self-produced taxable consumer goods, the export enterprises shall submit the following information and apply to the competent tax authorities for issuing the Batch Declaration Form for Export Tax Refund (see Annex 38, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details):
   1. Special VAT invoice (deduction form), special payment book for consumption tax, and declaration form for purchase in batches that has been issued;
  2. A copy of the list of special VAT invoices;
  3. Other information required by the competent tax authorities and formal declaration of electronic data.
  (six) the certificate of export goods to domestic sales.
  If the export goods originally recorded in the export inventory account are transferred to domestic sales or deemed as domestic sales, and the export goods that have been declared tax refund (exemption) are returned and transferred to domestic sales, the foreign trade enterprise shall apply to the competent tax authorities for issuing the certificate of export goods being transferred to domestic sales in the month when domestic sales or deemed as domestic sales occur. When applying for the certificate of export goods for domestic sale, you should fill in the Declaration Form of Export Goods for Domestic Sale Certificate (see Annex 39, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the official electronic data and the following information:
  1. Special VAT invoice (deduction form), special customs payment form for import VAT, declaration form for purchase in batches, and original and photocopy of the certificate that the export goods have been returned and paid tax (not refunded);
  2. The original and photocopy of the invoice for domestic goods (bookkeeping);
  3. Other materials required by the competent tax authorities.
  Foreign trade enterprises should use it as a deduction voucher for input tax when they declare tax payment within the next VAT tax declaration period after obtaining the certificate of export goods being sold to domestic market.
  (7) Notice of bid-winning certificate
  For projects constructed with loans from foreign governments or international financial organizations, the tendering agency shall apply to the local competent tax authorities for the Notice of Certificate of Winning Bid after the bidding is completed and the supply contract signed by the winning enterprise takes effect. The tendering agency shall submit the Notice of Certificate of Winning Bid and the list of winning equipment to the competent tax authorities (see Annex 40, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details), and provide the following materials and information:
  1. Notice of Bid Evaluation Results of the State Bid Evaluation Committee;
  2. List of non-refundable goods for the winning project (see Annex 41, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details);
  3. The name, address and postal code of the local competent tax authority where the winning enterprise is located;
  4. In the loan project, the mechanical and electrical products that are subcontracted to domestic enterprises by foreign enterprises after winning the bid shall also provide the verification certificate issued by the tendering agency on the subcontract;
  5. If the loan project is won by the consortium, it shall also provide the verification certificate issued by the tendering agency on the consortium agreement;
  6. Other information required by the tax authorities.
  (eight) the replacement of the lost relevant certificates.
  If an export enterprise or other unit loses the relevant certificates of export tax refund, it shall fill in the Application for Reissuing the Relevant Certificates of Export Tax Refund to the original tax authorities that issued the certificates (Annex 42, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) and provide electronic data for formal declaration. The tax authority that originally issued the certificate shall issue the relevant certificate again after verifying that it has indeed issued the relevant certificate, but the words "reissue" shall be marked.
  XI. Other provisions
  (1) Export enterprises and other units shall not issue special invoices for value-added tax except for water and electricity imported into special areas.
  (two) the VAT refund rate has been adjusted, and its implementation time:
  1. Goods declared to the customs for export shall be subject to the export date indicated on the export goods declaration form; Goods that are not declared for export sales shall be subject to the issuing time of export invoices or ordinary invoices.
  2. The goods exported by export enterprises or other units in the bonded area and the goods exported through the bonded area shall be subject to the export date indicated on the record list of outbound goods issued by the customs when the goods leave the country.
  (III) If it needs to be recognized as a group company that can declare tax exemption and refund according to the purchase of goods deemed as self-produced, the headquarters of the group company must submit the written recognition application and the certification materials of the member enterprises to the competent tax authorities, and the tax authorities at or above the prefecture level (including the same level) where the headquarters of the group company is located shall recognize it.
  If the headquarters of a group company and its member enterprises are not located in the same region, or in the same province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government, or city with separate plans), it shall be determined by the provincial state taxation bureau where the headquarters of the group company is located; If the headquarters and its members are not in the same province, the provincial state taxation bureau where the headquarters is located shall send a copy of the identification document to the provincial state taxation bureau where the member enterprise is located.
  (4) For the export goods and services for which overseas units and individuals have delayed or failed to pay the payment for goods, and for the imported and processed export goods settled by export enterprises in the form of differential settlement, where the foreign exchange administration department issues a verification form for export proceeds (the tax authorities in the pilot areas that provide paper verification forms for export proceeds are exempted from receiving the electronic data of verification of foreign exchange proceeds transmitted by the foreign exchange administration department), the export enterprises and other units may declare tax refund (exemption) according to the existing relevant regulations.
  (5) For export goods and services that are long-term foreign exchange receipts and do not exceed the expected date of foreign exchange receipt filed in the foreign exchange administration department, if the export enterprises and other units apply for tax refund (exemption) by providing the filing certificate of long-term foreign exchange receipt, the export enterprises and other units shall provide the export receipt verification form (export tax refund copy) to the competent tax authorities within 30 days from the expected date of foreign exchange receipt. If the tax authorities in the pilot areas that fail to provide the paper-based export foreign exchange receipt verification form within the time limit or are exempted from providing it, the "verification date" of the electronic data of foreign exchange receipt verification transmitted by the foreign exchange administration department exceeds 30 days from the expected date of foreign exchange receipt, the competent tax authorities will no longer handle the relevant export tax refund (exemption), and if the export tax refund (exemption) has been handled, the tax authorities will recover the refunded (exemption) tax according to the relevant regulations.
  (6) If water and electricity are imported into a special area, and the production enterprises in the area fail to declare the tax refund (exemption) within the prescribed time limit, the input tax shall be transferred to the cost.
  (VII) Export goods and services subject to the VAT exemption policy, except for goods exported by enterprises in special areas and goods and services exported by export enterprises or other units, if export enterprises or other units fail to declare tax exemption in accordance with the provisions within the specified tax declaration period, they shall be regarded as domestic goods and processing, repair and repair services exempted from VAT and consumption tax. If they are tax-free for domestic sales, they shall be subject to the penalties imposed by the competent tax authorities in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Tax Collection and Management. If it is taxed in domestic sales, it shall declare and pay the value-added tax and consumption tax within the value-added tax declaration period of the month following the tax exemption declaration period.
  For the export goods and services of this year, the export enterprises or other units shall exclude the declared VAT refund (exemption) and tax exemption, collect VAT and consumption tax according to the domestic sales, and issue the export agent certificate. In addition to the duty-free goods for domestic sales in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, they shall declare and pay VAT and consumption tax within the VAT tax declaration period in June of the following year.
  (8) For export goods and services subject to the VAT exemption policy, if the export enterprise or other unit waives the tax exemption and applies the tax on domestic goods, it shall submit a written report to the competent tax authorities. Once the tax exemption is waived, it shall not be changed within 36 months.
  (9) Except cigarettes approved by State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China to be sold to duty-free shops, cigarettes exported duty-free must be directly declared for export from the designated port (see Annex 43, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details).
  (10) For the goods listed in point 6, Item (2) of Article 9 in Document No.39 of Caishui [2012], export enterprises and other units shall declare tax payment or tax exemption or tax refund (exemption) according to the tax refund rate corresponding to the customs tariff number of raw materials listed in Annex 9 of Document No.39 of Caishui [2012].
  If export enterprises and other units fail to declare tax payment, tax exemption or tax refund (exemption) according to the above provisions, once the competent tax authorities find out, in addition to implementing this provision, they should also accept the punishment made by the competent tax authorities according to the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Tax Collection and Management.
  Twelve, the export goods and services subject to the VAT tax policy, export enterprises or other units to declare and pay VAT, according to the unified provisions of the domestic goods to pay VAT.
  Thirteen, illegal treatment
  (a) export enterprises and other units have one of the following acts, the competent tax authorities should be punished in accordance with the provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) tax collection and management law" sixtieth:
  1. Failing to set up, use and keep the tax refund (exemption) account books, vouchers and materials related to export goods according to regulations;
  2. Failing to bind, store and keep the filing documents as required.
  (II) Where export enterprises and other units refuse to be inspected by the tax authorities or refuse to provide tax refund (exemption) account books, vouchers and materials for export goods, the tax authorities shall punish them in accordance with the provisions of Article 70 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Tax Collection and Administration.
  (3) Where an export enterprise provides false filing documents, the competent tax authorities shall punish it in accordance with the provisions of Article 70 of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tax Collection and Management Law.
  (4) If a production enterprise engaged in feed processing fails to go through the registration, declaration and verification procedures for feed processing within the prescribed time limit, the competent tax authorities shall go through the relevant procedures after handling it in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 62 of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tax Collection and Management Law.
  (five) export enterprises and other units in violation of the provisions of the invoice management, the competent tax authorities should be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) invoice management measures".
  (6) Export enterprises and other units defraud the state of export tax rebates by falsely reporting exports or other deceptive means, and the tax authorities in charge shall recover the tax rebates defrauded by them and impose a fine of not less than 1 time but not more than 5 times the tax defrauded; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
  Those who cheat the national export tax refund shall be approved by the tax authorities at or above the provincial level, and their export tax refund (exemption) qualification shall be stopped according to the following provisions:
  1. Whoever defrauds the state of export tax rebate of less than 50,000 yuan may stop handling export tax rebate for more than half a year and less than one year.
  2. Those who defraud the State of an export tax rebate of more than 50,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan may stop handling the export tax rebate for more than one year and less than one and a half years.
  3. Those who defraud the state of export tax refund of more than 500,000 yuan but less than 2.5 million yuan, or who have been subjected to administrative punishment for defrauding export tax refund and defrauded the state of export tax refund of more than 300,000 yuan but less than 1.5 million yuan within two years, shall stop handling export tax refund for them for more than one and a half years and less than two years.
  4. Those who defraud the state of export tax refund of more than 2.5 million yuan, or who have received administrative punishment for defrauding export tax refund and defrauded the state of export tax refund of more than 1.5 million yuan within two years, shall stop handling export tax refund for them for more than two years and less than three years.
  5. The starting date for stopping the export tax rebate is the date of the decision of the Decision on Tax Administrative Punishment made by the tax authorities at or above the provincial level (including the corresponding level).
  14. The provisions of Articles 4, 5, 6 and 7 of these Measures on the time limit for tax refund (exemption), the provisions of Article 9 (2) (3) on the time limit for tax-free declaration of export goods, and the provisions of Article 10 (1) on the time limit for applying for issuing certificates of export goods as agents shall be implemented as of January 1, 2011. For export goods and services in 2011, the time limit for reporting tax refund (exemption), the time limit for reporting tax exemption for export goods in Item (2) of Article 9, and the time limit for applying for issuing the certificate of export goods as an agent in Item (1) of Article 10 are extended by three months.
  Other provisions of these Measures shall be implemented as of July 1, 2012. Starting date: goods and services declared to the customs for export shall be subject to the export date indicated in the export goods declaration form; Goods that are not declared for export sales shall be subject to the issuing time of export invoices (export invoices) or ordinary invoices; Goods exported by export enterprises or other units in the bonded area and goods exported through the bonded area shall be subject to the export date indicated on the record list of outbound goods issued by the customs when the goods leave the country.
  The documents and clauses listed in the Catalogue of Cancelled Documents (see Annex 44, omitted, please visit the website of the State Administration of Taxation for details) shall be abolished at the same time. Other provisions on the administration of value-added tax and consumption tax on export goods not included in these Measures shall still be implemented according to the original provisions. 

Remind! In 2018, the timetable for research was released, and the "gold content" of these 10 certificates was super high!

  CCTV News:Recently, the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Notice on the 2018 Professional and Technical Personnel Qualification Examination Plan and Related Issues, announced the 2018 professional and technical personnel qualification examination work plan, and made arrangements for relevant issues.

  The economic professional and technical qualification examination is fully implemented by computer examination.

  In 2018, the economic professional and technical qualification examination (primary and intermediate) will be fully implemented by computer, so please prepare for the corresponding examination.

  The tenderer will conduct a one-time final exam.

  The State Council has cancelled the professional qualification of the bid inviter, and the 2018 bid inviter exam is a one-time final exam. Candidates whose qualified subjects are still valid as of 2017 can sign up for the exam. After the end of this examination, those who have passed all the examination subjects will be awarded the professional qualification certificates of the original tenderers in accordance with the Interim Provisions on the Professional Qualification System for Tenderers (No.19 [2013] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security).

  The certificate can be used as a certificate with corresponding professional and technical ability and level.

  Reminder:

  The national vocational qualification examination has a unified outline, unified proposition and unified organization, and qualified professional and technical personnel should obtain corresponding vocational qualification certificates through the examination. The majority of candidates should register and take exams through formal channels according to regulations, and do not believe in false propaganda.

  At the same time, the state has not designated any training institutions to carry out vocational qualification examination training, and those who cheat or organize cheating on illegal training institutions under the guise of "guaranteeing" will be seriously investigated for their legal responsibilities according to law.

  These 10 certificates are very valuable &darr;

  1. Certificate of Certified Public Accountant

  CPA(Certified PublicAccountant) is the abbreviation of certified public accountant. In large and medium-sized enterprises, most of them need to hold a certified public accountant certificate to recruit positions such as chief accountant, financial manager, chief financial officer and chief accountant.

  CPA is the highest-level certificate in the accounting field in China, and it is also the only official certificate with "signature right". Therefore, if you want to be a certified public accountant, you must first get the CPA. According to the latest data of AICPA, there are 235,398 registered accountants in China, including 104,913 practicing accountants and 130,485 non-practicing accountants, but they still cannot meet the social demand for senior accountants.

  Registration conditions:Have graduated from a junior college or above, or have intermediate or above technical titles in accounting or related majors.

  2. Legal professional qualification certificate

  According to the provisions of the Judges Law, the Prosecutors Law, the Lawyers Law and the Notarization Law, newly appointed judges, newly appointed prosecutors, applicants for lawyer practice and notaries must pass the national judicial examination and obtain legal professional qualification certificates.

  The national judicial examination can be regarded as the entry threshold for practitioners in the judicial industry in China. It is extremely difficult and the annual pass rate is about 10%.

  2017 is the last year of the national judicial examination. After that, the judicial examination system will be adjusted to the national unified legal professional qualification examination system.

  Application conditions:Bachelor’s degree in law in colleges and universities, or bachelor’s degree in non-law in colleges and universities, and have legal professional knowledge.

  3. International Certified Public Accountant Certificate (ACCA)

  ACCA, a chartered certified accountants, is also commonly known as the International Certified Public Accountant in China, and its popularity is second only to CPA. With the characteristics of all-English exams, many subjects, great difficulty and high gold content, its position in the accounting field is unshakable. At present, it has more than 20,000 members and more than 40,000 students in China, especially favored by the College Students’ Textual Research Party.

  ACCA applies international accounting standards. With the accelerated development of economic globalization, many foreign companies in China and state-owned enterprises going abroad need ACCA holders. Accounting firms also need ACCA holders who are familiar with international accounting standards when auditing listed companies such as US stocks.

  Registration conditionsYou can register at least 16 years old. ACCA is a certificate that only a few freshmen can apply for and finish their studies before graduation.

  4. Chartered Financial Analyst Certificate

  CharteredFinancialAnalyst (CFA), also known as "Chartered Financial Analyst", has always been regarded as an MBA in the financial investment field. CFA qualification certificates are awarded to a wide range of professionals in various investment fields, including fund managers, securities analysts, chief financial officers, investment consultants and so on.

  The examination content is divided into three different levels, namely LEVEL Ⅰ, LEVEL Ⅱ and LEVEL Ⅲ. Examinations are held in all parts of the world, and each candidate must complete three different levels of examinations in turn. CFA qualification examination is conducted in English.

  Qualification certification:Candidates are required to have a comprehensive and profound grasp of financial knowledge and have four years of relevant work experience.

  5. Chinese actuary certificate

  The actuary is a profession with an annual salary of over one million abroad and a monthly salary of 10,000 yuan at home, which is called "the golden collar among the golden collars". In China, it is said that there are only more than 400 actuaries at present, but there are less than 50 actuaries recognized by the world insurance industry. The market demand for actuaries will reach 5,000 in the future, and the number of people applying for actuarial examinations will also increase year by year.

  Application conditions:The test is divided into two levels: quasi-actuary and actuary. Applicants for quasi-actuaries need to have a bachelor’s degree or above, and applicants for actuaries need to have the qualification of quasi-actuaries in China.

  6, practicing doctor certificate

  The qualification certificate of medical practitioner is the most important criterion to judge whether a doctor has the qualification to practice medicine. The so-called "doctor" who has not obtained the qualification certificate of medical practitioner belongs to "illegal medical practice". The country’s requirements for practicing qualifications are more and more strict, and legal practice, the sooner the qualification certificate of practicing doctors is obtained, the better.

  Application conditions (meet one of the following conditions):

  Having a bachelor’s degree or above in medical major in an institution of higher learning, and having completed a probation period of one year in a medical, preventive and health care institution under the guidance of a medical practitioner;

  Having obtained the practicing certificate of practicing assistant physician, having a medical college degree in an institution of higher learning and having worked in a medical, preventive and health care institution for two years;

  Having a medical degree in a secondary specialized school and having worked in a medical, preventive and health care institution for five years.

  In addition, those who have a medical college degree in a higher school or a medical college degree in a secondary specialized school, have completed a one-year probationary period in a medical, preventive or health care institution under the guidance of a medical practitioner, or have studied traditional medicine for three years or have expertise in medical skills for many years can also take the qualification examination for medical practitioners.

  7. Teacher qualification certificate

  Teacher’s qualification certificate is an essential certificate for teachers in the education industry. As a statutory certificate with nationally recognized teacher qualifications, it is uniformly printed by the education administrative department of the State Council. Since 2015, the teacher qualification certificate has taken the form of a unified national examination.

  8. Certificate of Human Resource Manager

  The human resources department, the finance department and the marketing department are also called the "troika" that drives enterprises, and human resources management is one of the few occupations that continue to be bullish.

  There are four levels of human resource managers, namely: level 4 enterprise human resource managers (national vocational qualification level 4), level 3 enterprise human resource managers (national vocational qualification level 3), level 2 enterprise human resource managers (national vocational qualification level 2) and level 1 enterprise human resource managers (national vocational qualification level 1).

  9, psychological counselor certificate

  With the increasing attention to mental health in China, the psychological counseling industry will be paid more and more attention. People who have been or are going to be engaged in the profession of psychological counselors should receive special vocational training and obtain the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Professional Qualification Certificate" issued by psychological counselors nationwide before engaging in corresponding psychological counseling activities.

  Application conditions:Psychological counselors are divided into one or two grades, and the standard conditions for entering the exam are different. Educational background in psychology, pedagogy and medicine is generally required.

  10, the national translation professional qualification certificate (level)

  As a national evaluation system for translation talents, the Translation Qualification Examination has been praised by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and senior experts in the industry for many times. The leader of the Technical Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has said many times: "We chose the Foreign Languages Bureau to organize the examination correctly &hellip; &hellip; The examination has had a good influence at home and abroad, and it is one of the most successful projects in the national vocational qualification examination at present. "

   Application conditions:Anyone who has a certain level of foreign language, regardless of age, education, qualifications and identity, can sign up for the corresponding language level 2 and 3 exams.

  Are you going to do textual research in 2018?

Rene Liu: I don’t want to get old.

On March 30th, Rene Liu got up early.

>First, I replied to several work emails and looked at the outline of the visit arranged that day. Then, Rene Liu began to prepare a lunch box for his son, wake him up and send him to school.

>On the return trip, Rene Liu also turned to the hospital to visit her sick grandmother. When she got home, she began to exercise, take a bath and have lunch with the old public. Before leaving in the afternoon to become a female star, Rene Liu arranged dinner for the whole family, and did not forget to tell her husband when leaving the house. Remember to pick up her son from school and be on time.

>Rene Liu’s visit on that day lasted from afternoon to evening. Rene Liu said frankly that he didn’t adapt to the "business" for the new album released after a lapse of six years. One of the discomforts is that she is not used to focusing only on the "announcement" nowadays. In addition, she found herself unfamiliar with the current media (showbiz) environment, "it seems that I am a newcomer and everything has come back."

>Rene Liu

A female singer who no longer tore her heart out.

>In March this year, Rene Liu released a brand-new album "Everybody Be Well". It’s been six years since the release of her last album. At first glance, not releasing a film for six years seems to be quite "serious" for a singer, but Rene Liu is not sensitive to it. If it weren’t for the "six years" label repeatedly mentioned by propaganda copywriters and netizens, she didn’t realize that she had stopped recording "business" for so long. She will also quip: "People should think that I won’t come out to release an album, right? So there is nothing to expect. Now it suddenly comes out, but it’s &hellip; &hellip; Surperise! There is nothing’ waiting for a long time’ for everyone, okay? In fact, you are not waiting at all! "

>There is such a thing circulating among the people. Before making her last album, Rene Liu felt that she was "unable to sing" and that in the music world where new people came forth in large numbers, few people would like to listen to her "old girl" sing again. When she met at the airport, Jonathan Lee "knocked" her: the new girl certainly has the fragrance of the new girl, but the old girl also has the mellow fragrance of the old girl. Your feelings about life, your life story can be recorded and continue to sing. In Jonathan Lee’s view, Rene Liu’s unique emotional expression when singing is also precious.

>Rene Liu, who was "spurred", then launched her first work "I want you to be fine" after she became a mother, and she was also convinced that expressing her life and self-status with songs was something she could do &mdash; &mdash; But that’s not limited to the "album" form. As in the past two years, she has made several singles in different situations, and influenced by last year’s epidemic, she has accumulated more studio works, and the company has assembled them into an album. Rene Liu said frankly that this new edition is more like a selected "collection". Some of these songs, because the recording time has been too long, I can’t remember the mood at that time, which is quite like a lifetime ago.

>Rene Liu

>Although Rene Liu told herself that the outside world was not waiting for "Old Girl" to release an album, in fact, because she had sung too many popular golden songs in the past, the public still expected her to "return with a heavy weight" this time and bring a few more national karaoke songs like Later, Crazy for Love and Perfect.

>After the release of the album, Rene Liu saw some discussions, especially some "old fans" who listened to her songs all the way. "They will think that when this album comes out, they can listen to it for two days first, then have a good drink at KTV and sing it with me. But now I may feel that this album is not available. " Rene Liu concluded that the so-called songs that the outside world felt "not provided" were more "commercial" and more "passionate". There are also voices that she has some repetitions on some lyrics issues, such as talking about the theme of "loneliness".

>Regarding the interpretation of songs, Rene Liu has his own thoughts: "For example, people say that I am not passionate enough, and I am deliberately practicing this singing method when I am making this song. Because I think at my age, if I sing at the top of my lungs again, it doesn’t seem very appropriate. I hope it is a feeling of slowly coming. "

>Rene Liu

>As for the theme selection, Rene Liu said: "Although some topics will be repeated, with different experiences, my views on some things are no longer the same as before. Is its’ grey’ dark grey or light grey? Is its’ red’ bordeaux or purplish red? I think there is a difference. "

>Of course, Rene Liu admits that she hopes that the songs of this album can be "appealing to both refined and popular tastes": "I’m not that’ born’, just consider a work that makes me happy. After all, it takes a lot of resources to do, and it is to get the market (docimastic)。 But I also honestly say that I think Chinese pop music is still relatively young. What kind of songs should a Chinese female singer sing at this age? What kind of album is it? I don’t have many seniors to guide me. For example, I judged "All Lovers" and "Flying Day". Wow, this should belong to KTV, but you don’t think it is, so there is no way &hellip; &hellip; "After thinking about it, Rene Liu tidied up his expression:" Let’s just say that entertainment, I think whether listening to songs or watching movies, provides what I want to provide now. If someone likes it, they like it. If you don’t like it, I thank you. "

>Rene Liu believes that every piece of music will still attract its "stratosphere" audience, and she is not too anxious about it. Compared with the song "right", it is after the album is finished. How to promote it? This is the biggest challenge for Rene Liu.

>Rene Liu’s new album MV

A female star trying to keep up with the trend

>One day at the beginning of the year, Rene Liu sent Weibo to express his "shock". In the video, the "female star" scurried along the street, mumbling: When I came out of the company, my mind was full of the staff’s "new word" &hellip; &hellip; It turns out that my daily life is really too small. They said that I had to watch more programs outside my comfort zone so that everyone could "know me" and "know me" and let everyone know that I wanted to release a film &hellip; &hellip; What programs should I be on?

>It turned out that La Rene Liu, a colleague of the company, held an album enterprise promotion meeting that day. At the meeting, my colleague told Rene Liu that it was the Internet age, and she was asked to try some online programs, or she could take the initiative to shoot some videos for netizens to watch and spread. At that time, the team listed a lot of popular online synthesis types in the entertainment circle, and also selected a representative issue for each program to show to Rene Liu. "They thought I would fully understand and promise after reading it. But after reading it, I said, well, I really can’t do it &hellip; &hellip;”

>In fact, take the nearest inner entertainment circle as an example. In recent years, visible to the naked eye, many senior artists in the circle have begun to set foot in various variety shows. Or "ride the wind and waves" on the stage, "cut through thorns", or mix and match performances with the new generation of love beans, or collide in reality shows. Rene Liu’s novelty lies in the fact that artists need so many kinds of ways to promote themselves, but in "their time", they were nothing more than going to the radio, shooting magazines and holding autograph sessions.

>Rene Liu

>The reason why Rene Liu worries about her "no" is that she knows that she is not a variety personality. "Like my previous programs in fei chang and Yu-Ching Fei, they will throw me questions. For example, people like Figo will say,’ Hey?’ Then expect me to go on, but I will only’ hey!’ This way. So if I go to those programs, I will be very cold, and this kind of cold may be scolded by everyone, and I am’ blx’, afraid of being scolded, so I go less and make fewer mistakes. "

>existYuli studioAfter questioning, Rene Liu thought of two kinds of programs that she could accept: "One is a program of close friends, and I will feel very at ease. For example, He Jiong, if he asks me, I will be happy to go. In addition, I also like the program of Teacher Venus. "

>Rene Liu said with a smile that it is really difficult for his staff to carry out their work. "I often feel that there are not many opportunities left for me. Many (publicize) way, I said this is not suitable for me, maybe I was asleep at that time. In order to promote the album and increase exposure, they are also trying to find something I can do spontaneously, which is more in line with the media environment. "

>A few days ago, Rene Liu bought two unpacking videos online. One is unpacking electronic products; The other one introduced a fashionable toy. The idea of shooting out the box came from Rene Liu’s propaganda team. As it happens, when her husband gave Rene Liu a pair of headphones, she decided to "start" from the headphones and take the step of "new new human beings".

>Unpacking attempt from Rene Liu.

>At first, Rene Liu recorded a video at home. Having had experience as a film director, she carefully edited and packaged the material. However, after sending it to the team, it was mercilessly rejected by colleagues: "The video is too long", "I didn’t catch my eye for 5 seconds" and "there is no popular network language at all" &hellip; &hellip; Listening to colleagues constantly "counting down", Rene Liu chanted without grievances: "What do you say that if you can’t catch your eyes in the first 5 seconds of the video, you will be (netizen) brush it off, but I can’t be Ready at all for 5 seconds! "

>She even wrote a long letter to her colleagues, saying that she had tried her best to keep up with the trend of the times, but she also asked her colleagues to understand her. "Then I mean, netizens who really watch my videos and can stay are true friends to me. If you brush me off in five seconds, forget it. In addition, after all, online celebrity, who has lived in the Internet age for a long time, has a new language and ability that I can’t learn. I am afraid that if I imitate others too much, I will lose my original appearance and rhythm. "

>Finally, Rene Liu reached an agreement with her colleagues, and her short video content was taken over by her colleagues. Just as we are chatting, Rene Liu is stillYuli studioMake sure several times: "Did you see the final version? Do you think it’s ok? "

>Rene Liu and Martha filmed Vlog together.

>Occasionally, when Rene Liu brushes Weibo, she will find that Andy Lau, Tang Wei and Kwai Lun Mei who she thinks are great have entered the "live broadcast room" one after another. "That will make me feel that live broadcast with goods is a new way of publicity. And it’s real-time, and you can know immediately what others think. I am interested in going myself. In fact, for me, it’s still fun and can’t be forced. Because when I am forced to do something, it is counterproductive. So I still have to find a way that suits me. "

Homesick wife and mother

>When talking about my old friend He Jiong’s program,Yuli studioAsked a sentence: "That’s similar to his" Life of Desire ",let you go to a small village to live for a while, can you?" "I think it’s ok," Rene Liu thought for a moment. "I’m a lot of ok and restricted now because I want to be with my son and my family. I cherish my time with them."

>Unlike many artists who avoid talking about their families in media interviews, Rene Liu is particularly generous in sharing family. In a few moments, her daily topic will be trivial, which makes me suddenly feel that I am chatting with my next-door neighbor.

>She will share it naturally. In the family, her husband "Mr. Zhong" is much more fashionable than herself. 3C products, street brand co-branded, he will Update to her as soon as possible, "so will music. For example, when I was exercising today, he played a very nice song, and I especially asked him the name of the song, and then he would share it with me immediately (Note: John Mayer, New Light)。 But sometimes he will suddenly say, "Are you still a musician? Hum. "

>Since their marriage in 2011, it goes without saying that Rene Liu and her husband are also friends. The birth of his son in 2015 made Rene Liu more immersed in family roles. Even when we talk about her long-term exercise, she will correct: "I exercise, largely because I am a star." The main reason is that I have reached this age and my children are still young. I think it is quite important to try to stay healthy. "

>When my son was born, many people said to Rene Liu: You should seize this golden period and come out to work, because he sleeps most of the time. "But I was already very reluctant at that time. I think it is very important to take care of his life, such as feeding him, changing diapers and taking a bath. I hope to do it myself. " As his son grew up and became more capable of taking care of himself, Rene Liu found that he didn’t let himself go, but his dependence on his children became more serious.

>"Because he will communicate with me now," said Rene Liu with a gentle smile when he mentioned his son. "Like when I went to the Mayday concert in Tainan that day, he would think why not take him? I came back from the high-speed train early the next morning, got off the bus and went straight to the place where they had lunch. Then my son hugged me as soon as he saw me. God, at that moment, I felt that I would never travel again! What’s more, it is time for children to establish upbringing and values. I feel that I have the responsibility to stay with him. "

>In his early years, Rene Liu enjoyed the life of a lone ranger. After she tasted the beauty of "adventure" when she broke into the United States alone at the age of 16, she often flew around alone. In the album "Closed Daily Life", Rene Liu also sang a state of freedom: cleaning at home one scene before/booking a plane ticket the next. But whenYuli studioAsk her: "Can you still be in such a state now?" "no!" Rene Liu immediately shouted, "I can book a plane ticket in the next second, but I have to take my family with me. If I don’t take them, I can’t play enough. "

>Last summer, Rene Liu spent a lot of time making a summer vacation plan and taking a summer trip with his family, except that he took the stage by chance to "get a job". On the day of our chat, Rene Liu has already started to book hotels for his family this summer. "Don’t be surprised, it’s really necessary! Nowadays, there are few opportunities to go out by plane, children have the same holiday time, and there are only a few hotels suitable for the whole family, so there will be fewer choices. Like I couldn’t book it this morning! " Say and Rene Liu revealed a discouraged expression.

>Rene Liu

I don’t want to get old, but I’m also adapting to the aging Rene Liu.

>Referring to the most "heart-wrenching" work in the album, Rene Liu did not hesitate to choose "Golden Age". The lyrics write: The years can’t come back/Time is catching up/How lucky I am at this moment/I feel my body is getting old &hellip; &hellip; "It is very honest about my current state and my mood."

>Rene Liu recalled that when she heard the DEMO of this song, she was adapting to the physical and psychological changes brought by age. Different from the previous abstract feelings, the traces of time are more and more concrete in Rene Liu’s life. "For example, you are no longer so free to move. When you stand up from the ground, you will really subconsciously’ Oh, my God’ to make such an exclamation; Or you used to lose weight, maybe you lost a few kilograms in three days, now you have to lose a month, then eat three meals, and your weight will come back. "

>When interviewed many years ago, Rene Liu admitted that he was afraid of being old. "Because I am afraid that others will take care of me. Besides, I am afraid of losing my creativity, my enthusiasm and my quiet inside." Now standing at the threshold of 52 years old, Rene Liu feels: "I think my curiosity about the world and passion for things have not changed. However, one day before, my agent sent me a series of photos, and I suddenly found that my time did not allow me to accept light things for so many years. Because I am busy with more chores of life every day, there is no way to brush what is the most popular and what is hot search forever. Some things may have passed in a flash, and when you know it again, people will think it was before, and the times are so fast now. So &hellip; &hellip; Everyone is old, and no one is not old &hellip; &hellip;”

>Rene Liu and Martha.

>When "I Dare to Be Alone in Your Arms" was released in 2014, Rene Liu wrote in a "letter to himself": Be old happily, justly and elegantly. Rene Liu mentioned it again in the last song of the new album "Today is My Birthday".

>When talking about this "golden sentence", Rene Liu said with a smile: "I was looking through some notes a while ago, only to find that I write this word for myself almost every birthday. It seems that I really haven’t improved. However, every year the expectations are the same, but the mood is different, and it is getting harder and harder. Indeed, in the trivial, it is really difficult to remain elegant. Are you justified? Nobody seems to care either. For example, many things are’ black’ and’ white’ to me, and there can’t be gray. But people often come back to me and say, that’s not important. But for me, the word’ that’s not important’ makes me panic, and I get hysterical. Therefore, I have been learning. "

>A few years ago, when someone asked Rene Liu "when is the most beautiful", she would answer "when she was plain". In recent years, after a day’s chores, when she occasionally looks in the mirror at night, she will be "shocked" by her appearance. "That’s really not elegant." In the era when the whole people advocate medical beauty, whenYuli studioWhen asked whether Rene Liu would consider using some medical and aesthetic means to maintain her state, she first made a careful understanding to us, and then generously said that if necessary, she would not be excluded in the future. "I think it is a very good thing if I can make myself feel good and make others happy. But I must be very cautious. Because although I don’t want to get old, I don’t want to get weird. "

>At the end of the chat, Rene Liu andYuli studioShe shared two things that made her feel happy recently: one was to attend a concert of her friend Mayday a few days ago. "There are really too many feelings with them. For example, I took a special photo of them that day,’ As long as you are ordinary and happy in this life, who said that this is not great’. I think it’s right. It’s the same as my album’ How are you?’ You are ordinary now, but you are happy. I think this is super great. "

>The other is that on the night of a business trip, my husband and son sent her a video of a father and son making caramel pudding together. "They are also waiting for me to go home and make it for me. These seem to be small things, but they are all my happiness. "

>Occasionally, Rene Liu will miss the lonely self in the past, but she is also willing to end her life with "You can tell yourself/this little life in the past/not only ok/just ok". "It is richer than I thought. Although I have experienced stumbling and falling all over, I regret some things I did. But then again, that’s what I want to do and want to do now. Of course, I also have many wonderful experiences, so,’ OK’. "

How to understand the sharp rise of soda ash price? What impact will this upward trend bring?

Recently, the marked increase in the market price of soda ash has aroused widespread concern. Soda soda, as an important chemical raw material, its price fluctuation not only affects the production cost of the chemical industry, but also has a far-reaching impact on the overall economy. This paper will deeply discuss the reasons for the rising price of soda ash and its possible effects in many aspects.

First of all, one of the main reasons for the rising price of soda ash is the imbalance between supply and demand. In recent years, with the recovery of the global economy, especially the surge in demand in the construction, glass manufacturing and other industries, the demand for soda ash has risen sharply. However, the supply failed to keep up in time, which led to the situation that the market was in short supply. In addition, the tightening of environmental protection policies has also limited the release of some production capacity, further aggravating the supply shortage.

Secondly, the rising cost of raw materials is also an important factor to push up the price of soda ash. The production of soda ash mainly depends on trona, and the mining cost of trona is affected by many factors, such as the scarcity of mineral resources, the limitation of mining technology and the increase of transportation cost. These factors work together to make the production cost of soda ash rise continuously, which is finally transmitted to the market price.

The sharp rise in the price of soda ash has many effects on related industries. First of all, soda ash is an indispensable raw material for the glass manufacturing industry. The rising price will undoubtedly increase the production cost, and then affect the profitability of enterprises. Secondly, the construction industry will also be affected, because glass is an important part of building materials. The rise in the price of soda ash may lead to the overall increase in the cost of building materials, thus affecting the price trend of the real estate market.

In addition, the rising price of soda ash may also have a chain reaction to the overall supply chain of the chemical industry. There is a strong correlation between chemical products, and the change of the price of a raw material often leads to a series of price adjustments. Therefore, the rise in the price of soda ash may drive the price fluctuation of other chemical raw materials, and then affect the stable operation of the whole chemical industry.

In order to show the impact of soda ash price increase more intuitively, the following table lists the cost changes of several major affected industries:

industry Cost change Influence degree glassmaking marked increase tall build Moderate increase middle chemical industry Slight increase low

To sum up, the sharp rise in the price of soda ash is the result of multiple factors such as imbalance between supply and demand and rising raw material costs. This upward trend not only has a direct impact on glass manufacturing and construction industries, but also may trigger a chain reaction in the supply chain of the chemical industry. Therefore, relevant enterprises and government departments should pay close attention to market dynamics and take effective measures to meet the challenges brought by price fluctuations.

(Editor: liujing HZ010)

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Another new super hybrid system is on the market. Can BYD’s dream of "dynasty" go further?

After the listing of Qin PLUS DM-i, BYD "Dynasty Family" ushered in another new car equipped with BYD super hybrid system.

On March 25th, BYD Song PLUS DM-i was officially launched. The new car was launched in two versions, 51km and 110km, with a subsidized price of 146,800-169,800 yuan.

It is reported that this model will only be sold in BYD’s e-network channel.

Song PLUS DM-i, which is positioned in the B-class SUV, is the third model blessed by BYD DM-i super hybrid technology. Its appearance also fills the gap between Song Pro and Tang, enabling BYD to meet the needs of more subdivided SUV market models.

The biggest feature of the new car is the brand-new powertrain system. Thanks to the new technology, BYD has achieved the same price level of hybrid vehicles as fuel vehicles.

Compared with the traditional plug-in hybrid system, the biggest progress of DM-i is to make the driving experience of hybrid cars more like trams. This system adopts Xiaoyun-Plug-in special 1.5L high-efficiency engine matching EHS electric hybrid system, which can output the maximum comprehensive power of 173kW, and at the same time, the fuel consumption can be controlled at 4.4L/100km in the state of power loss, which is more energy-saving than the fuel vehicle of the same class.

As for the design, the change of the Song PLUS DM-i is not so great. On the basis of continuing the design style of the fuel version, it has added the exclusive design of new energy, such as the unique large mouth grille with the "dragon beard" shape of Chinese homology, which makes the front face full of tension. The interior adopts the exclusive eclipse blue+sky gray color matching, which is fresh and concise, and also conforms to the environmental protection concept of new energy.

As for the configuration, the independent brand represented by BYD is really not afraid of anyone. DiLink3.0 intelligent network connection system, 12.8-inch 8-core adaptive rotating suspension Pad, NFC car key, Dirac intelligent music cockpit, ACC adaptive cruise system, lane departure warning and other intelligent configurations and active and passive safety configurations are readily available.

It can be said that Song PLUS DM-i almost meets the vast majority of consumers’ needs at this price.

As an important member of BYD’s "dynasty family", Song PLUS DM-i seems to be less concerned than Qin PLUS DM-i before, but compared with Qin PLUS DM-i in a more competitive environment, the market performance of Song PLUS DM-i is more likely to determine whether the dream of BYD’s dynasty can go further.

In the past 2020, the market share of SUV reached 46.4%, which was only 1.6 percentage points lower than that of car sales.

In addition, the market share of domestic SUVs and joint venture SUVs has also turned over for the first time, with domestic SUVs reaching 47.8%, exceeding the mainstream joint venture SUVs’ 40.3%.

All kinds of data prove that SUV is still the key market for independent brands to achieve sales breakthrough. Therefore, once Song PLUS DM-i sells well, it will bring more to BYD.

It is reported that this year, BYD will attack the compact car, compact SUV and medium-sized SUV markets with three super hybrid models: Qin Plus DM-I, Song Plus DM-I and Tang DM-I respectively.

 

Sun Jiadong: Create a "China Star" for a lifetime

An unforgettable lesson: quality is the life of spaceflight

Dongfeng-2

On March 21, 1962, our country’s first independently developed ballistic missile, "Dongfeng-2", was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Site. Unexpectedly, the missile lost control soon after takeoff, and finally crashed into the Gobi, only 300 meters away from the launch tower, blasting a large crater with a diameter of 30 meters.

All the test participants were dumbfounded. Lin Jin, the chief missile commander of the "Dongfeng No. 2", circled the crater created by the missile and said in tears, "This crater is mine, I’m going to bury it here."

The fall of Dongfeng-2 (source: video))

Many years later, Sun Jiadong couldn’t let go of the failure.

Sun Jiadong:"It fell, a few hundred meters away from you. I didn’t have the slightest idea in my head that I would come down if I made this thing up? At that time, I was dumbfounded and confused. Especially when you are in the big desert, you are standing in the east, and the launch point is exactly in the west. At that time, the sun has already set, and half of the sky is red."

Desert Gobi outside Jiuquan Satellite Launch Site (Photo:Zhang Mian Mian)

In order to find out the reason for the failure, in the icy desert, hundreds of people bent over and fumbled inch by inch, looking for the fragments of the missile. Some people couldn’t help but wipe tears while picking it up. For several days, the sand was almost peeled off, and Sun Jiadong and his colleagues found all the fragments and reassembled the missile. Check one by one, and they found the root cause of the failure.

Sun Jiadong:"In the end, I found that a wire was broken, and there was more than a meter left. After an X-ray, it was broken inside. It was in such a few big failures that I realized that quality is life, and quality is everything in aerospace."

Every time he launched, sitting in the command hall, Sun Jiadong loved to hear the word "normal". Behind every "normal" was the high recognition of all astronauts that "quality is life", and they always maintained a strict, careful, meticulous and practical work style.

At 18:05 on October 24, 2007, the Long March 3A carrier rocket carrying our country’s first lunar exploration satellite Chang’e-1 was launched from the No. 3 tower of Xichang Satellite Launch Center. (Source: Shanghai Securities News)

Dongfanghong No. 1 satellite was successfully launched, and he was proud!

Sun Jiadong summed up his career this way: 7 years learning to fly, 9 years building missiles, and 50 years launching satellites. When it comes to several key life choices, he summed it up in one sentence, which is "If the country needs it, I will do it."

On the eve of studying in the Soviet Union in 1951, Sun Jiadong was a Russian translator for the Air Force at that time

In 1957, Sun Jiadong, who was studying in the Soviet Union, listened to Chairperson Mao’s famous words in the auditorium of Moscow University: "The world is yours and ours, but in the final analysis it is yours. You young people are full of vitality and prosperity, like the sun at eight or nine in the morning, and hope rests on you."

When Chairperson Mao spoke for the first time, and Sun Jiadong heard it for the first time, the blood of the young people boiled in an instant. He said, "At that time, he made up his mind to do whatever the country needs you to do."

In 1967, Qian Xuesen personally appointed the 38-year-old Sun Jiadong as the technical director of the "Dongfanghong No. 1". After nine years of missile research, he began to "turn", thus starting the satellite business for his life.

On April 24, 1970, our country’s first man-made earth satellite "Dongfanghong No. 1" was successfully launched, and our country became the fifth country in the world to be able to launch man-made satellites. Sun Jiadong bluntly said that the biggest feeling of the successful launch of "Dongfanghong No. 1" is "proud".

On April 24, 1970, our country’s first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong No. 1" was successfully launched.

Sun Jiadong: "After the announcement, we immediately ran to Tiananmen Square, but after we arrived, we couldn’t get in. The crowds were celebrating, and it was a sense of accomplishment. Excited! I’m not a literary person, so I can’t describe it. "

Sun Jiadong, who is 90 years old this year, has personally participated in and witnessed the whole process of China’s aerospace industry from "a blank sheet of paper" to becoming a space power. It was once estimated that the satellites launched under Sun Jiadong’s leadership accounted for one-third of the first 100 satellites launched by China’s aerospace industry. This aircraft has long been integrated with Sun Jiadong’s life experience.

Sun Jiadong at work (first from left) (Source:Beidou satellite navigation system official WeChat official account)

He is the youngest "two bombs and one star" father and the oldest chief designer of satellite engineering. In 2004, our country officially launched the lunar exploration project, and Sun Jiadong, who is 75 years old, once again took up the role of chief designer of the project. Many people do not understand why Sun Jiadong, who has already achieved success, still accepts this risky job. If he fails, his brilliant aerospace career may be overshadowed. Sun Jiadong still said "If the country needs it, I will do it."

Chang’e-1 successfully hit the moon

In 2007, when the signal of the "Chang’e-1" satellite’s successful orbit around the moon was sent back to the command center, people cheered, hugged, and shook hands to celebrate, but Sun Jiadong walked to a secluded corner alone, turned around, pulled out a handkerchief, and wiped the tears from the corners of his eyes.

Sun Jiadong: "I am so excited that I was born in the hot land of China, and I am fortunate to be able to engage in the development of the aerospace industry. This sense of achievement is truly something that I will never forget in my life. So some people asked me, you have built so many satellites, which one do you feel most excited about? I told them that it is difficult to distinguish, and every time there is something difficult to do. "

Sun Jiadong introduces the importance of aerospace product quality (Photo: Zhang Mian Mian)

Sun Jiadong is left-handed and learned to write with his right hand for school. When he was young, he had the skill of playing table tennis with both arches. At work, he also has a set of tricks of "reverse thinking", often with unexpected and impressive ideas and ideas. Ouyang Ziyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the first chief scientist of China’s lunar exploration project, commented that "Mr. Sun is a’master ‘who is good at simplifying complex problems."

Sun Jiadong (Source:Beidou satellite navigation system official WeChat official account)

The youngest "two bombs and one star" father: Honor goes to the collective

In 2009, on his 80th birthday, Sun Jiadong received a letter signed by 98-year-old Qian Xuesen. In the letter, Qian Xuesen said, "You are a young man whom I admired very much. I heard that you are celebrating your 80th birthday this year. I would like to express my heartfelt congratulations to you! You are an outstanding scientist who grew up in the development of China’s aerospace industry and a witness to China’s aerospace industry…"

Sun Jiadong was interviewed by CCTV reporter Zhang Mian Mian (Photographer: Feng Huiling)

Sun Jiadong, the youngest "two bombs and one star" father, is 90 years old this year. Faced with the well-deserved honor, he said: "I am very uneasy, I am accepting the award for all astronauts."

Sun Jiadong: "The aerospace industry is definitely a collective honor. This thing does not depend on collective achievements, the right time, the right place and the right person. It is absolutely impossible without this. "

Behind the questioning, can BYD "Qin" make up for it?

Since BYD began to expand its automobile business, the concept of new energy vehicles has attracted more attention. In 2008, Buffett’s subsidiary became a strategic investor of BYD, which pushed BYD to the stage. However, in recent years, BYD’s development has not been smooth sailing. The safety and practicability of new energy vehicles have been questioned by many parties. After experiencing a big decline in 2012, the company’s share price began to pick up last year. Has BYD ushered in a new spring? Will Tesla’s entry into the China market have an impact on BYD? Can the launch of "Qin" promote BYD’s spring arrival?

BYD’s business can be divided into three categories: rechargeable battery business, mobile phone parts and assembly business, and automobile business including traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles, in addition to expanding related new energy products.

BYD’s new energy vehicles always attract people’s attention for the first time. However, the other two major businesses of the Group also account for about 50% of the revenue sources, and their profitability cannot be ignored. In recent years, the proportion of automobile business income has increased year by year, and the company has invested more efforts in the automobile business that has attracted much attention. The proportion of secondary rechargeable batteries has basically remained at 10%, which is a relatively stable and mature business in the company, but it is not the future growth point of the company.The company’s future development focus is mainly on new energy business, including solar power stations, energy storage power stations, electric vehicles, LED and other green products..

BYD is very good at manufacturing rechargeable batteries, and its main customers include mobile phone brands such as Nokia, Samsung and Huawei, as well as global manufacturers of power tools and other portable electronic equipment such as Bosch and TTI. Lithium-ion batteries and nickel batteries produced by the Group are widely used in mobile phones, digital cameras, power tools, electric toys and other portable electronic devices and electric products.

In terms of mobile phone components and assembly business, BYD provides vertically integrated one-stop service, designs and produces mobile phone and computer components such as keyboard, LCD module and camera, and provides complete machine design and assembly services, but does not produce its own brand of mobile phones and computers. Its customers include: Nokia, Apple, HTC, Samsung, Motorola, Huawei, Pratt & Whitney, Toshiba and so on.

In 2003, BYD officially acquired Xi ‘an Qinchuan Automobile Co., Ltd., entered the field of automobile manufacturing and sales, and began the development journey of national independent brand cars, with production and sales exceeding 2 million vehicles. Automobile products include all kinds of high, medium and low-end series fuel cars, as well as automobile molds, auto parts, dual-mode electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles. Representative models include F3, F3R, F6, F0, S8, G3, M6, L3 and other traditional high-quality fuel vehicles, as well as the world-leading F3DM dual-mode electric vehicles, e6 pure electric vehicles and K9 pure electric buses.

BYD has also established a joint venture with Daimler, a luxury car brand, to jointly research and develop electric vehicles. At present, its Tengshi brand has been listed.

On April 28th, BYD released the first quarterly report of 2014, which realized operating income of 11.724 billion yuan, down 9.0% year-on-year, and realized net profit attributable to the parent company of 12 million yuan, down 89.4% year-on-year. According to the analysis of UBS Securities,On the one hand, the decline in sales volume is due to BYD putting most of its energy into the research and development of new energy vehicles, which leads to the slow pace of research and development and launch of traditional automobile business models; On the other hand, the competition in China’s automobile market is becoming more and more fierce. If you don’t advance, you will retreat, and the competitiveness of BYD’s old models (such as Su Rui and F3) will decline.BYD also admitted in the report that the decline of traditional automobile business was the main reason for dragging down BYD’s profit in the first quarter.

BYD Group not only has government payment in policy, but also has considerable government subsidies. Take its pure electric vehicle E6 as an example, the price range of E6 is 309.8-33 million. E6 pioneers can enjoy a total of 114,000 yuan of state subsidies and local subsidies. The price for consumers to buy e6 luxury terminals is 195,800 yuan, and the price for purchasing e6 elite terminals is 216,000 yuan. Government subsidies account for about 34% of the original price, and the subsidized price is really attractive to consumers. Judging from the annual reports of the past five years, government subsidies have been increasing, reaching about 670,000 in 2013. Although it is still not enough to compensate BYD’s high expenses, government subsidies are only a unique policy of BYD in its growth period. However, in the short term, the government’s support attitude towards BYD Group’s projects is very clear, and everything depends on whether BYD can grasp the development opportunities.

In addition, BYD’s R&D expenditure has remained at a level of about 1.3 billion in the past five years, with no significant increase or decrease, and the distribution expenses are basically between 1.5 billion and 2 billion.

BYD’s operating cash flow decreased by nearly half in 2013, and most of the cash at the end of the year came from cash flow from financing. On May 30th this year, BYD also issued 121,900,000 new H shares to supplement its working capital, and the funds raised will be used for the new energy automobile business. However, the market reactions in the two places were mixed, with A shares rising sharply and H shares falling sharply.

Through the above financial analysis, we find that BYD is still in the growth stage, with huge expenses in all aspects and weak current profitability. Although the current P/E ratio is nearly 130 times, most investors value its profitability in the next few years.After BYD released its first quarterly report in 2014, its profitability and cash flow did not improve, resulting in a sharp drop in its share price. Among them, the investment loss reached nearly 8.6 million RMB. The company disclosed that most of the losses were caused by the investment loss of the joint venture company. The parent company increased investment and development in all aspects at the same time when the business has not grown steadily. This can only make up for the tight cash flow by issuing additional shares or increasing financing.

BYD has not really stimulated consumers in private cars, mainly because consumers are worried about endurance and safety, and BYD’s car design and logo have been criticized by the masses. For consumers, environmental protection may be far less important than appearance and performance.

Compared with other automobile brands, BYD is obviously favored by more governments, which is related to BYD’s more professionalism in the field of new energy. At present, there are 800 E6 pure electric taxis and 220 K9 pure electric buses in Shenzhen, which are used as pilot cities to promote electric buses. In May, 2013, the pure electric bus was operated in Hongkong. Outside the China market, BYD’s K9 electric bus had trial operation projects in the United States, Spain, Hungary, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Investment point of view

New energy industry

BYD is a leading representative in China in its industry. With the reduction of natural resources such as oil, the traditional automobile industry will be the most affected, and the future will be the world of new energy industry. Therefore, the state will give subsidies to the new energy industry in terms of policies and funds. However, BYD, as a battery-making enterprise, has not invested in the field of new energy vehicles smoothly. Although the enterprise has its own brand and professional technology, many traditional automobile brand companies have begun to develop new energy vehicles or low fuel consumption, such as Toyota Prius, Nissan leaf and Ford fusion. With its strong capital, original market share and brand awareness, BYD’s automobile business is also facing many competitors. Future new energy vehicle projects in China still depend on brand building, energy saving and green premium ability.

At present, BYD has adjusted its three major businesses in the future to photovoltaic power generation, energy storage power stations and new energy vehicles, and it is expected that it will continue to invest in research and development and construction of energy storage power stations in the short term. At the technical analysis meeting in 2013, Wang Chuanfu, the president of the group, announced the "dual-drive strategy"-one is to develop energy-saving technologies in both traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles, and the other is to promote dual-engine dual-mode in the personal market and pure electric vehicles in the public transport market. From the naturally aspirated engine with energy-saving technology, to the world-synchronous TID powertrain, to the green hybrid technology, to the dual-engine dual-mode power and pure electric vehicles, BYD has completed the strategic layout from single-drive to dual-drive, and gradually strengthened the energy management system.

The investment in BYD should not only be analyzed from its current profitability or short-term stock price changes, but also from a medium-and long-term perspective to look at the strategic value and significance of the new energy automobile industry chain and lock in the future technological innovation and consumption orientation.

Although the mobile phone parts and assembly services and rechargeable battery business, which together account for about 50% of the revenue, are fiercely competitive in the industry, BYD can still obtain objective income in this field with the increase of mobile phone sales. The capital market is optimistic about this business, and many rating agencies rate BYD Electronics as "buy".

BYD and Tesla

Tesla, which has attracted much attention, began to enter the China market and set up energy storage stations in major cities. Although Tesla also produces new energy vehicles, it is not completely competitive with BYD. Tesla is the first electric vehicle in the world to give up the traditional lithium iron phosphate battery for vehicles and choose a laptop battery. In fact, the price of Tesla in the United States is more than 80,000 US dollars, and the tariff, value-added tax and transportation cost entering China account for 33% of the current domestic price. Tesla is positioned in the high-end market, and its price is far from BYD. Comparing BYD’s "Tang" to "Model X" is because Tesla’s seven-seat SUV also adopts the same power layout: one motor for the front and one motor for the rear axle, thus forming a four-wheel drive system. However, because the target market is different and the consumer demand is different, BYD’s R&D, products, market and brand positioning are different from Tesla’s.

However, it is worthy of our attention that Tesla’s cruising range can reach 500 kilometers, and BYD Qin’s cruising range can reach 70 kilometers in pure electric mode. Although the hybrid mode can be used to make up for the lack of cruising range when running long distances, if Tesla can make a model with mass price in the future, it may pose challenges to BYD.

Several press conferences introduced the security work of Beijing Winter Olympics.

  Cctv news(News Network): Today (February 5th), the main media center of Beijing Winter Olympics held the first regular press conference during the Games-time. The main creators of the opening and closing ceremonies of Beijing Winter Olympics answered questions from domestic and foreign journalists on the creative ideas of the opening ceremony. According to reports, the art of technology empowerment is a highlight of the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. Regarding the presentation of the main torch, Director Zhang Yimou said that he hoped to embody the concept of low carbon and environmental protection, and "together for the future". According to reports, a total of 2,877 athletes from 91 countries and regions participated in the Beijing Winter Olympics. A spokesman for the International Olympic Committee said that closed-loop management provided a strong epidemic prevention guarantee for the Beijing Winter Olympics.

  In addition, the 2022 Beijing News Center also held a special press conference this morning. Responsible persons from Beijing’s urban management, transportation, meteorology, emergency, medical and epidemic prevention departments introduced the overall situation of urban service guarantee during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics to Chinese and foreign media.

This week’s wonderful stories, like sunshine and dessert, slowly melt people’s hearts.


1905 movie network news This week (August 21 to August 27), we mainly recommend starring, remake, adventure comedy second play, and previous series.


In the week of Chinese Valentine’s Day’s arrival,Let’s use movies to light up this "sweet" moment!


This film is full of chocolate fragrance and sweetness. In a closed town, there is a lovely chocolate shop across from the church, and the owner, Vian, is played by Juliette Binoche. Cocoa, syrup, nuts and other raw materials determine the quality of chocolate. Coupled with Vivian’s free, eager and sensitive personality, the chocolate she made seems to have an irresistible magic. Wei ‘an has a deep insight into people’s minds in a small town, and changes the dull life in a small town with sweet chocolate &hellip; &hellip;


Wonderful film review:When you are sitting in Okawabe and playing blues light rock and lullaby, when you are working with a rich chocolate sauce with an eternal baby face and frowning brows, you take acceptance, gratitude and tolerance as the criteria.&mdash; &mdash; Douban film review Xiaoyan


This is a film for girls, which is a remake of the Korean film "Sunshine Sisters Amoy" with the same name. It tells the story of a high school "Sunshine Sisters" reunited after 23 years. At this time, Lin Qing was seriously ill, and the others in the sister file also suffered different survival difficulties, each of which was tired of life. When the "middle-aged sisterhood" in trouble regained its sisterhood, it seemed as if they had met themselves in their youth again. They rekindled their enthusiasm for life under the pressure of reality, full of warmth and tear gas.


Wonderful film review:One day in the future, some people may ask, how are you doing? Please answer: I have a good life, my ideals, love, family and friends are all good, and so are the sunshine sisters.&mdash; &mdash; 1905 movie network


In an imaginative world, nothing is impossible. Larry, who once lived in a mess, got a job as a night watchman in a museum, and his life changed with some mysterious events. In the second bomb of the "Museum Series", the story is moved to the larger Smithsonian Museum. What magical events will happen in such a new environment? The relationship between people, exhibits and exhibits, and the relationship between people and exhibits &hellip; &hellip; More surprises and adventures await you.


Wonderful film review:Lincoln, the thinker, Napoleon, the singing Cupid, and Einstein’s little doll &hellip; &hellip; This time, it is still telling us to live the life we want, do what we like, and be with people we care about.&mdash; &mdash; Douban film review of a sheep


Yunzhong City Site, the complicated imperial capital, and the carefully carved role models, the director built a whole different world with visual wonders beyond imagination. This film is adapted from the novel of the same name. The film has created a brand-new oriental fantasy world with high-level visual effects. Thanks to the top CG technology, the characters such as the red-haired ghost, the old monk with black armor, and the warrior with red armor, played by Lei Jiayin, have brought unprecedented sensory experience to the audience. In addition to the strong visual impact, the film also uses the setting of "novels change reality", "as long as you believe, you can achieve it".


Wonderful film review:The seamless narration between the real scene and the fantasy world makes this novel setting have an excellent audio-visual experience, and the immersive feeling it brings makes many people describe this work as "amazing".&mdash; &mdash; 1905 movie network


"From the last farewell of two people, I saw myself who wanted to save but didn’t speak after all." In Ex-3, "hand in hand" returns. Following the love problems of "ex" and "spare tire" in the first two works, in the third part, Meng Yun and Jia Lin’s "zero communication" struggle, Yu Fei and a little "full confession" fight focus on what is the correct way to get along when the incumbent becomes the predecessor. The experience of the two couples is so close to the emotional state of the young people, that the audience praised the "truth, foolishness and grounding" of "Former 3", and its degree of mind-wandering has been upgraded again, which has gained a lot of good reputation.


Wonderful film review:It is not difficult to see that the theme of the film "Goodbye to the predecessor and cherish the present" has been highly recognized by the audience, and it also shows the director’s ability to control the love theme.&mdash; &mdash; 1905 movie network


What is female "negative blowing"? Is this normal? Don’t lose heart, there are four other treatments.

Qian Qian (a pseudonym), 33, is a white-collar worker in the Internet industry, and her career is on the rise, so she went to work soon after giving birth and had no time to take care of her health.

Recently, Qian Qian and her husband have also been unhappy.

The thing is, Qian Qian and her husband always heard the sound of "poof, poof, poof" when they were doing things a few days ago, which made them particularly embarrassed. In the end, they lacked interest and made a hasty decision. They slept with their backs to each other and didn’t talk again that night.

From that day on, they didn’t take the initiative to mention it, but Qian Qian’s heart was very concerned, and she came to the postpartum rehabilitation department of the hospital for help. The doctor on duty gave her a pelvic floor examination and told her:"This is the phenomenon of’ negative blowing’ caused by pelvic floor dysfunction.

Blowing in the shade means that due to the change of pressure, there is an airflow rushing out of the private parts of women, accompanied by a sound similar to fart. If women have "vaginal blowing" after childbirth, it may be accompanied byPelvic floor dysfunctionThe problem.

When women are pregnant and giving birth, the gravity on the pelvic floor increases.Hormone level changeandInjury caused by childbirthUnder the combined action of many factors, the muscle strength of pelvic floor muscles decreases, which affects the function of pelvic organs and causes a series of typical symptoms, includingUrinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, sexual dysfunctionWait, this is "pelvic floor dysfunction".

Relevant data show that women who have no symptoms of urinary incontinence after the first delivery,There is still a 19% chance of urinary incontinence five years after delivery.; And women who have urinary incontinence within three months after the first delivery,The probability of urinary incontinence five years after delivery is as high as 92.%。

Pelvic floor dysfunction not only causes urinary incontinence, but if women can’t recover pelvic function in time after delivery, their body function will continue to decline with age.The probability of chronic pelvic pain, organ prolapse, uterine prolapse, anterior and posterior vaginal wall bulging, sexual dysfunction and other problems will also increase.Especially after menopause, the level of estrogen drops, which is more prominent.

Epidemiological investigation shows that middle-aged and elderly women in some areas of China,The prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction is as high as 30% ~ 50%, and the older you are, the higher the incidence is.. If you suspect that you have pelvic floor dysfunction, you can first make a simple self-test through the following 10 descriptions:

1, hip, coccyx and waist had a history of falls;

2. There is a feeling of falling in the pelvic cavity, or the pelvic organs fall off and slide out;

3, urinating more than twice a night;

4. Pain in pelvic area, including hip, coccyx, lower waist, pubic symphysis, bladder area, etc.

5. During the menstrual period, there is discomfort or involvement in the lower abdomen;

6. Discomforts in the urinary system, such as urgency, frequent urination, urinary incontinence, slow urine flow, endless urine, and urination;

7. Discomforts in defecation or rectum, such as irregular defecation, long-term constipation, nervous or painful defecation, endless defecation, feeling bowel prolapse during defecation, and long defecation time;

8, sedentary will increase discomfort;

9. Feel pain and discomfort in sexual life, or aggravate other discomfort symptoms;

10. You need to hold up the swollen part of the vagina with your fingers in order to urinate smoothly.

In the above description,If three or more items are met.Then there is likely to be pelvic floor dysfunction, so it is recommended to go to the hospital as soon as possible.Professional evaluation of pelvic floor dysfunctionThe examination includes: special test, external genital examination (observation of perineum and sensory test, functional test, internal diagnosis, pelvic floor muscle pressure evaluation, etc.

When it comes to pelvic floor muscle exercise, many people know Kegel exercise, but the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology points out that more than half of people do Kegel exercise incorrectly, and 25% of them make mistakes in exertion, which adds extra pressure to muscles and aggravates symptoms.

The correct steps of Kegel’s movement should be like this:

① Attention should be paid to emptying the bladder before the activity, and beginners can lie flat on the bed to finish it.

② Tighten the pelvic muscles and keep them for five minutes.

③ Then relax the pelvic muscles for 10 seconds.

Repeat the tightening and relaxing movements for 10 times as a group, and do 3~5 groups every day to achieve the training purpose.

of course,Those with good physical fitness can also make an advanced version.Lie flat with your legs apart, your knees bent and your feet flat on the ground. When searching for pelvic floor muscles, lift your hips and hold on for 10 seconds, then slowly lower your hips and relax the pelvic floor muscles, and do it ten times.

During Kegel exercise, you don’t need to hold your breath during the whole process, just breathe normally. In addition, the pelvic floor muscles will be "used in and discarded", so even if the pelvic floor muscles recover, it is recommended to continue regular exercise.

If Kegel exercise doesn’t work for you, don’t lose heart. There are still mature treatments in clinic, such as:

1, bioelectrical stimulation

Low-frequency electrical stimulation of vagina and abdominal wall can promote passive contraction of pelvic floor muscles, and each treatment lasts about 30 minutes, which is painless and non-invasive, and can make personalized treatment plan according to the patient’s situation.

2. CO2 lattice laser

Stimulate the growth of fibroblasts and new blood vessels on the inner wall of vagina, promote the proliferation of collagen, make the inner wall thicker and more elastic, which is suitable for patients with mild symptoms, milder than surgery and shorter in time, and each treatment lasts for 5~6 minutes.

3, high intensity focused electromagnetic

Similar to bioelectricity stimulation, it uses human neurobioelectricity to stimulate pelvic floor muscles to contract, with more accurate focusing effect, stronger penetration and wider and deeper stimulation range.

4. Surgical correction

Using "patch material" to correct the displaced pelvic prolapse organs and reduce the pressure on pelvic floor muscles is suitable for patients with serious symptoms and ineffective other treatments.

After women are pregnant, have children and get old, the pelvic floor muscles will relax more or less. If there are unwell symptoms, it is recommended to go to the hospital as soon as possible for examination and active treatment.

References:

[1] Yang Shuli. Ultrasonic observation on the effect of different delivery methods and pelvic floor rehabilitation training on postpartum pelvic floor function [D]. Xinxiang Medical College.

Li Chi Ngai, Zhu Lan. Epidemiological status of female stress urinary incontinence [J]. Journal of Practical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018, 34: 161-162.

Xu Tao, Liu Kangsheng, Luo Huihua, Li Zhongying, Sun Xiaomin. Research progress in physical therapy of female pelvic floor dysfunction [J]. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 2023,32(02):296-300.

[4]Bump, R. C., Hurt, W. G., Fantl, J. A., & Wyman, J. F. (1991). Assessment of Kegel pelvic muscle exercise performance after brief verbal instruction. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 165(2), 322–329

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