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Provisions on Administrative Law Enforcement Procedures of Network Information Department (full text)

　　Cctv newsOn March 23, the National Internet Information Office promulgated the Provisions on Administrative Law Enforcement Procedures of Internet Information Departments (hereinafter referred to as the Provisions), which will take effect on June 1, 2023. The details are as follows:

Order of the State Internet Information Office

No.14

　　The Provisions on Administrative Law Enforcement Procedures of Internet Information Department has been deliberated and adopted at the 2nd meeting of the National Internet Information Office in 2023 on February 3, 2023, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of June 1, 2023.

　　Zhuang Rongwen, Director of the National Internet Information Office

　　March 18th, 2023

Provisions on administrative law enforcement procedures of network information department

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　the firstIn order to standardize and guarantee the network information departments to perform their duties according to law, protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and safeguard national security and public interests, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Administrative Enforcement Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Cyber Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Data Security Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and the Personal Information Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　the secondThese Provisions shall apply to the implementation of administrative punishment and other administrative law enforcement by the network information department.

　　The term "network information department" as mentioned in these Provisions refers to the national Internet information office and the local Internet information office.

　　ArticleWhen implementing administrative law enforcement, the network information department should adhere to the combination of punishment and education, so that the facts are clear, the evidence is conclusive, the basis is accurate and the procedure is legal.

　　Article 4The national network information department shall establish the administrative law enforcement supervision system of this system according to law.

　　The higher-level network information department supervises the administrative law enforcement implemented by the lower-level network information department.

　　Article 5The network information department shall strengthen the construction of law enforcement team and law enforcement capacity, and establish and improve the system of law enforcement personnel training, examination and assessment, qualification management and certificates.

　　Article 6The network information department and its law enforcement personnel shall keep confidential the state secrets, business secrets or personal privacy they know in the process of law enforcement.

　　Article 7Law enforcement officers who have a direct interest in the case or have other relations that may affect the impartial law enforcement shall withdraw.

　　If the parties consider that law enforcement officers have a direct interest in the case or have other relations that may affect the impartial law enforcement, they have the right to apply for withdrawal.

　　If a party applies for withdrawal, the network information department shall review it according to law, which shall be decided by the person in charge of the network information department. Don’t stop the investigation until the decision is made.

　　Chapter II Jurisdiction and Application

　　Article 8Administrative punishment shall be under the jurisdiction of the network information department where the illegal act occurred. Where laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.

　　The place where the illegal act takes place includes the place where the illegal actor’s related services are licensed or filed, the place of main business, the place of registration, the place where the website founder, manager and user are located, the place where the network is connected, the place where the server is located, and the place where the terminal equipment such as computers are located.

　　Article 9The network information department at or above the county level shall exercise jurisdiction over administrative punishment cases within its administrative area according to its functions and powers. Where laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.

　　Article 10If more than two online information departments have jurisdiction over the same illegal act of the parties, the online information department that first filed the case shall have jurisdiction.

　　If two or more network information departments have disputes over jurisdiction, they shall settle them through consultation; if consultation fails, they shall report to the common network information department at the next higher level for designation of jurisdiction; It can also be directly designated by the common network information department at the next higher level.

　　Article 11If the higher-level network information department deems it necessary, it can directly handle the cases under the jurisdiction of the lower-level network information department, or it can hand over the cases under its jurisdiction to the lower-level network information department for handling. If laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules clearly stipulate that the case shall be under the jurisdiction of the higher-level network information department, the higher-level network information department shall not hand over the case to the lower-level network information department for jurisdiction.

　　If the lower-level network information department cannot exercise jurisdiction over the cases under its jurisdiction due to special reasons, it may report to the higher-level network information department for jurisdiction or designate jurisdiction.

　　If the network information department below the municipal level with districts finds that the administrative punishment cases under its jurisdiction involve national security and other circumstances, it shall promptly report to the network information department at the next higher level and, if necessary, report to the network information department at the next higher level for jurisdiction.

　　Article 12If the network information department finds that the accepted case does not belong to its jurisdiction, it shall promptly transfer it to the network information department with jurisdiction.

　　The transferred network information department shall promptly inform the network information department of the transferred case of the investigation results of the case; If it is considered that the transfer is improper, it shall be reported to the common network information department at the next higher level for designated jurisdiction, and it shall not be transferred again by itself.

　　Article 13After receiving a request for jurisdiction dispute or reporting to the designated jurisdiction, the higher-level network information department shall make a decision on designated jurisdiction within ten working days and notify the lower-level network information department in writing.

　　Article 14If the network information department finds that the case is under the jurisdiction of other administrative organs, it shall transfer it to the relevant administrative organs according to law.

　　If the network information department finds that an illegal act is suspected of committing a crime, it shall promptly transfer the case to the judicial organ. If the judicial organ decides to file a case, the network information department shall complete the transfer procedures in time.

　　The network information department shall strengthen coordination and cooperation with the judicial organs, establish and improve the case transfer system, strengthen the transfer and reception of evidence materials, and improve the information notification mechanism for case handling.

　　Article 15The network information department shall send the obtained evidence and related materials to the original licensing and approval department, which shall decide whether to lower the qualification level or revoke the license according to law.

　　Article 16For the same illegal act of a party, no administrative penalty of more than two fines shall be imposed. If the same illegal act violates multiple legal norms and should be fined, it shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of high fines.

　　Chapter III Administrative Punishment Procedure

　　Section 1 filing a case

　　Article 17The network information department shall promptly investigate and deal with the following matters, and fill in the case source registration form:

　　(a) found clues to the case in the supervision and inspection;

　　(2) A natural person, legal person or other organization makes a complaint, appeal or report;

　　(3) Assigned by the network information department at a higher level or reported for investigation by the network information department at a lower level;

　　(4) Transferred by the relevant authorities;

　　(5) Discovered by other means or channels.

　　Article 18The filing of administrative punishment shall meet the following conditions:

　　(a) acts suspected of violating laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules shall be given administrative punishment according to law;

　　(2) Being under the jurisdiction of this department;

　　(three) within the statutory time limit for administrative punishment.

　　Those who meet the conditions for filing a case shall fill in the approval form for filing a case, together with relevant materials, and report to the person in charge of the network information department for approval within seven working days, and designate two or more law enforcement officers as the case undertaker. Under special circumstances, the case may be extended to fifteen working days.

　　For complaints, appeals and reports that are not filed, a written record shall be kept of the relevant information that is not filed.

　　If a case transferred by another organ decides not to file a case, it shall inform the transferring organ in writing.

　　If the case is not filed or revoked, the undertaker shall make an approval form for not filing or revoking the case and report it to the person in charge of the network information department for approval.

　　Section 2 Investigation and evidence collection

　　Article 19The investigation and evidence collection of cases by the network information department shall be carried out by law enforcement personnel with administrative law enforcement qualifications. There shall be no less than two law enforcement personnel, and they shall take the initiative to show their law enforcement certificates to the parties or relevant personnel. When necessary, you can hire professionals to assist.

　　If the evidence is collected and obtained from the parties to a case for the first time, they shall be informed of their right to apply for withdrawal by law enforcement officers.

　　When collecting and obtaining evidence from relevant units and individuals, they shall be informed of their obligation to provide evidence truthfully. Respondents and relevant personnel shall truthfully answer inquiries, assist and cooperate with the investigation, and provide timely information released by network operators, information released by users, log information and other related materials that should be preserved according to law, and shall not obstruct or interfere with the investigation of cases.

　　Article 20In the process of law enforcement, the network information department really needs the assistance of the relevant authorities or other administrative regions in the investigation and evidence collection, and shall issue a letter of assistance in the investigation, which shall specify the specific matters and time limit for assistance.

　　The network information department that received the letter of assistance in the investigation shall give assistance to the assistance matters within the scope of its functions and powers, and complete the relevant work within 15 working days from the date of receiving the letter of assistance in the investigation; If it is necessary to postpone the completion or is unable to assist, it shall promptly notify the network information department that requested assistance.

　　Article 21Law enforcement officers shall collect evidence related to the case according to law, including documentary evidence, physical evidence, audio-visual materials, electronic data, witness testimony, statements of the parties, expert opinions, transcripts of inquests, on-site transcripts, etc.

　　Electronic data refers to data formed in the course of a case, stored, processed and transmitted in digital form in electronic devices or storage media such as computer devices, mobile communication devices, Internet servers, mobile storage devices and cloud storage systems, and can prove the facts of the case. Audio-visual materials include audio-visual materials and video materials. Audio recordings and video materials stored in electronic media shall be subject to the provisions of electronic data.

　　The evidence should be verified before it can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case.

　　Evidence obtained by illegal means shall not be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of a case.

　　Article 22Evidence obtained according to law in the process of investigation, supervision and inspection before filing a case can be used as evidence of a case.

　　For the transferred case, the evidence materials collected by the transfer organ according to its functions and powers can be used as evidence of the case.

　　Article 23Before filing a case, the network information department may take measures such as inquiry, inquest, inspection, detection, inspection, appraisal and obtaining relevant materials, and may not restrict the personal and property rights of the respondents.

　　After the network information department files a case, it can take measures such as first registration and preservation of the articles, facilities and places involved.

　　Article 24In the process of law enforcement, the network information department shall make an inquiry record, which shall specify the time, place, facts, course and other contents. The record of inquiry shall be submitted to the object of inquiry or other relevant personnel for verification and confirmation, and shall be signed by law enforcement officers and the object of inquiry or other relevant personnel. If the interviewee and other relevant personnel refuse to sign or are unable to sign, the reasons shall be indicated.

　　Article 25The network information department shall conduct an inquest and inspection on the places, articles and networks involved in illegal acts, and collect and fix documentary evidence, physical evidence, audio-visual materials and electronic data in time.

　　Article 26The network information department may entrust a judicial authentication institution to issue an authentication opinion on the specialized issues in the case; If it is not within the scope of judicial expertise, it may entrust a competent or qualified institution to issue a test report or inspection report.

　　Article 27The network information department can obtain evidence materials that can prove the facts of the case from the relevant units and individuals, and can take photos, video, copy and copy as needed.

　　Documentary evidence and material evidence collected shall be original and original. If it is really difficult to obtain the original and the original, the relevant units and individuals who submitted the evidence may sign or seal the copy, indicating the words "This copy was provided by XXX and it is the same as the original (object) after verification" or a written description, indicating the date of issuance and the source of the evidence, and signing or sealing it.

　　The retrieved audio-visual materials and electronic data shall be original carriers or backup media. If it is really difficult to retrieve the original carrier or backup medium, you can collect copies, and indicate the production method, production time, producer and other information. When collecting audio data, a written record of the audio content shall be attached.

　　Article 28In the case that the evidence may be lost or difficult to obtain in the future, with the approval of the person in charge of the network information department, law enforcement officers can register and save the items suspected of committing illegal acts, such as computers, servers, hard disks, mobile storage devices and memory cards, make a list of registered and preserved items, and issue a notice of registration and preservation to the parties concerned. During the period of advance registration and preservation, the parties and other relevant personnel shall not damage, destroy or transfer the evidence.

　　If the network information department implements the advance registration and preservation, it shall notify the parties or holders to be present, and record the relevant measures taken in the on-site transcripts.

　　Article 29The network information department shall, within seven working days, make the following decision on the evidence registered and preserved in advance:

　　(1) If it is necessary to take evidence preservation measures, it shall be returned after taking evidence preservation measures such as recording, copying, photographing and video recording;

　　(two) the need for inspection, testing and identification, inspection, testing and identification of institutions with corresponding qualifications;

　　(three) the illegal facts are not established, or the evidence registered and preserved in advance is not related to the illegal facts, and the registration and preservation in advance is cancelled.

　　If no decision is made within the time limit, the advance registration and preservation shall be cancelled.

　　If the illegal facts are established and should be confiscated according to law, administrative punishment shall be imposed in accordance with legal procedures.

　　Article 30When collecting and preserving electronic data, the network information department can take measures such as on-site evidence collection, remote evidence collection and ordering relevant units and individuals to fix and submit them.

　　After on-site evidence collection and remote evidence collection, electronic evidence collection records shall be made.

　　Article 31In the process of investigation and evidence collection, law enforcement officers shall require the parties to sign, fingerprint, seal or confirm by other means on the transcripts and other relevant materials.

　　If the party concerned refuses to be present, sign, fingerprint, stamp or confirm by other means, or if the party concerned cannot be found, two law enforcement officers shall indicate the reasons in the record or other materials, and invite other relevant personnel to sign or stamp as witnesses, or record by means of audio and video recording.

　　Article 32The equipment and articles proved by evidence to be used for illegal personal information processing activities may be sealed up or detained.

　　To take or remove the measures of sealing up or detaining, a written report shall be made to the main person in charge of the network information department and approved. In case of emergency, if it is necessary to take measures of sealing up or detaining on the spot, law enforcement officers shall report to the main person in charge of the network information department within 24 hours and go through the approval procedures. If the main person in charge of the network information department thinks that the measures of sealing up or detaining should not be taken, it should be lifted immediately.

　　Article 33After the investigation of the case, if the undertaker thinks that the illegal facts are established and should be given administrative punishment, he shall write a report on the handling of the case and draft a proposal for administrative punishment.

　　Under any of the following circumstances, the undertaker shall write a report on the handling of the case, explaining the reasons for the proposed handling, and report it to the person in charge of the network information department for approval and deal with it according to different situations:

　　(a) that the illegal facts can not be established, no administrative punishment;

　　(two) the illegal act is minor and corrected in time, without causing harmful consequences, and no administrative punishment is given;

　　(three) the first violation of the law and the harmful consequences are minor and corrected in time, and administrative punishment may not be imposed;

　　(four) the parties have enough evidence to prove that there is no subjective fault, and administrative punishment shall not be imposed. If there are other provisions in laws and administrative regulations, those provisions shall prevail;

　　(five) the case is not under the jurisdiction of this department and should be transferred to other administrative organs for jurisdiction;

　　(six) suspected of committing a crime, should be transferred to judicial organs.

　　Article 34When conducting supervision and inspection or case investigation, the network information department shall order the parties concerned to correct the illegal acts immediately or within a time limit if the existing evidence proves that the illegal facts are established.

　　Article 35For administrative punishment cases with clear facts, where the parties voluntarily admit their mistakes and admit their punishment, and have no objection to the illegal facts and the application of the law, the network information department shall handle the case quickly.

　　Section 3 Hearing

　　Article 36Before making the following administrative punishment decision, the network information department shall inform the parties of their right to request a hearing. If a party requests a hearing, it shall put forward it within five working days after being informed, and the network information department shall organize a hearing. If a party fails to request a hearing within the time limit, it shall be deemed as giving up the right of hearing:

　　(a) a large amount of fines;

　　(two) the confiscation of a large amount of illegal income, confiscation of a large value of illegal property;

　　(three) to reduce the level of qualification and revoke the license;

　　(four) ordered to stop production and business, ordered to close down, restrict employment;

　　(5) Other heavier administrative penalties;

　　(six) other circumstances stipulated by laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules.

　　Article 37The network information department shall, seven working days before the hearing, serve the notice of hearing on the parties and inform the parties and relevant personnel of the time and place for holding the hearing.

　　The hearing shall make a record of the hearing, which shall be signed or sealed by the parties or their agents after verification. If the parties or their agents refuse to sign or seal, the presiding hearer shall indicate it in the record.

　　The hearing shall be held in public unless it involves state secrets, commercial secrets or personal privacy.

　　After the hearing, the network information department shall make a decision according to the transcripts of the hearing and in accordance with the provisions of Article 42 of these Provisions.

　　Section 4 Decision and Delivery of Administrative Punishment

　　Article 38Before the network information department makes a decision on administrative punishment, it can conduct an interview with the parties according to the relevant regulations, and make a record of law enforcement interview after the conversation.

　　Article 39Before making a decision on administrative punishment, the network information department shall fill in a notice of administrative punishment opinions, inform the parties of the contents, facts, reasons and basis of the administrative punishment to be made, and inform the parties of their rights of statement and defense according to law.

　　Article 40The parties have the right to make statements and defend themselves. The network information department shall fully listen to the opinions of the parties and review the facts, reasons and evidence put forward by the parties; If the facts, reasons or evidence put forward by the parties are established, the network information department shall adopt them.

　　The network information department shall not give heavier punishment for the statements and defenses of the parties.

　　Before making a decision on administrative punishment, the network information department and its law enforcement personnel fail to inform the parties of the contents and facts, reasons and basis of the proposed administrative punishment in accordance with these Provisions, or refuse to listen to the statements and defenses of the parties, and shall not make a decision on administrative punishment, except that the parties explicitly waive their right to make statements or defenses.

　　Article 41Under any of the following circumstances, before the person in charge of the network information department makes a decision on administrative punishment, the legal review shall be conducted by the personnel engaged in the legal review of the administrative punishment decision; No decision shall be made without legal examination or examination:

　　(a) involving major public interests;

　　(two) directly related to the major rights and interests of the parties or the third party, after hearing procedures;

　　(3) The case is complicated and involves multiple legal relationships;

　　(4) Other circumstances under which legal review shall be conducted as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

　　The legal audit shall be carried out by the organization responsible for the legal audit determined by the network information department. Personnel engaged in the legal review of administrative punishment decisions for the first time in the network information department shall obtain legal professional qualifications through the national unified legal professional qualification examination.

　　Article 42The administrative punishment decision to be made shall be reported to the person in charge of the network information department for review. The person in charge of the network information department made the following decisions according to different situations:

　　(a) there are illegal acts that should be subject to administrative punishment, and make a decision on administrative punishment according to the seriousness and specific circumstances;

　　(two) if the illegal act is minor, administrative punishment may not be imposed according to law;

　　(three) the illegal facts can not be established, no administrative punishment;

　　(four) if the illegal act is suspected of committing a crime, it shall be transferred to judicial organs.

　　Article 43If the circumstances are complicated or major illegal acts are given administrative punishment, the person in charge of the network information department shall make a collective discussion and decision. The process of collective discussion and decision shall be recorded in writing.

　　Article 44When making a decision on administrative punishment, the network information department shall make a unified number of administrative punishment decisions.

　　The written decision on administrative punishment shall specify the following items:

　　(1) Basic information such as the name and address of the party concerned;

　　(2) Facts and evidence of violation of laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules;

　　(three) the types and basis of administrative punishment;

　　(four) the way and time limit for the performance of administrative punishment;

　　(five) the way and time limit for applying for administrative reconsideration and bringing an administrative lawsuit;

　　(six) the name of the network information department that made the decision on administrative punishment and the date of making the decision.

　　If the decision on administrative punishment involves the confiscation of relevant articles, it shall also be accompanied by a certificate of confiscation of articles.

　　The written decision on administrative punishment must be stamped with the seal of the network information department that made the decision on administrative punishment.

　　Article 45The network information department shall make a decision on administrative punishment within 90 days from the date of filing the case of administrative punishment.

　　If a decision cannot be made within the prescribed time limit due to the complexity of the case, it may be extended for 60 days with the approval of the person in charge of the department. If the case is particularly complicated or the circumstances are special, and the decision cannot be made after the extension, the person in charge of the network information department at the next higher level shall decide whether to continue the extension, and if it is decided to continue the extension, it shall also determine the reasonable time limit for the extension; If the administrative punishment case handled by the national network information department needs to be postponed, it shall be approved by the main person in charge of the department.

　　In the process of handling the case, the time for hearing, detection, inspection, appraisal and administrative assistance shall not be included in the time limit specified in the first and second paragraphs of this article.

　　Article 46The written decision on administrative punishment shall be delivered to the parties on the spot after the announcement; If the party concerned is not present, it shall, within seven working days, serve the written decision on administrative punishment on the party concerned in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　If the parties agree and sign the confirmation letter, the network information department may serve the administrative penalty decision on the parties by fax or e-mail.

　　Chapter IV Execution and Closing of Cases

　　Article 47After the administrative penalty decision is served, the parties concerned shall perform it within the time limit specified in the administrative penalty decision.

　　If the parties are in real financial difficulties, they may apply for postponing or paying the fine by installments, and submit written materials. Upon examination by the case undertaker, the time limit and amount for delaying or paying the fine by installments are determined, and the payment can be postponed or paid by installments after being reported to the person in charge of the network information department for approval.

　　Article 48If the network operator violates the relevant laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules and regulations and needs to close the website, revoke the business license of related value-added telecommunications services or cancel the filing, it shall be transferred to the competent telecommunications department for handling.

　　Article 49If a party refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment, it may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to law.

　　If a party refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment, applies for administrative reconsideration or brings an administrative lawsuit, the execution of administrative punishment shall not be suspended, unless otherwise provided by law.

　　If a party applies for administrative reconsideration or brings an administrative lawsuit, the amount of the additional fine shall not be counted during the administrative reconsideration or administrative lawsuit.

　　Article 50If a party fails to perform the decision on administrative punishment within the time limit, the network information department that made the decision on administrative punishment may take the following measures:

　　(1) If the fine is not paid at the due date, a fine of 3% of the fine amount shall be imposed every day, and the amount of the fine shall not exceed the fine amount;

　　(2) Apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Enforcement Law of the People’s Republic of China.

　　If the online information department approves the extension or installment payment of the fine, the time limit for applying to the people’s court for compulsory execution shall be counted from the date of the end of the suspension or installment payment of the fine.

　　Article 51If the network information department applies to the people’s court for compulsory execution, it shall fill in the reminder of the decision on administrative punishment before the application, urge the parties to perform their obligations in writing, and inform them of the time limit and method of performing their obligations, the statements they are entitled to according to law and the defend oneself; Where a fine is involved, there should be a clear amount and payment method.

　　If a party makes a statement or defense, the online information department shall record and review the facts, reasons and evidence put forward by the party, and make a statement and defense record and a statement and defense review opinion. If the facts, reasons or evidence put forward by the parties are established, the network information department shall adopt them.

　　If the party concerned still fails to perform the punishment decision ten working days after the reminder of the administrative punishment decision is served, the online information department may fill in an application for compulsory execution of administrative punishment and apply to the local people’s court with jurisdiction for compulsory execution.

　　Article 52After the implementation or enforcement of the administrative penalty decision, under any of the following circumstances, law enforcement officers shall fill in the administrative penalty closing report, sort out and bind the relevant case materials, and file them for preservation:

　　(a) the decision on administrative punishment has been fulfilled or completed;

　　(two) the people’s court ruled to terminate the execution;

　　(3) The investigation of the case is terminated;

　　(four) to make the provisions of article forty-second of the second to fourth decisions;

　　(five) other circumstances that should be closed.

　　After the case is closed, law enforcement officers shall file the case materials in accordance with the relevant provisions of file management. The filing of files should be a case, a volume, complete materials, standardized and orderly.

　　Article 53The network information department shall, in accordance with the law, record the whole process of the initiation, investigation and evidence collection, examination, decision, delivery and execution of administrative punishment in the form of words, audio and video, and keep them on file.

　　Article 54The network information department shall accept social supervision when implementing administrative punishment. Citizens, legal persons or other organizations have the right to appeal or report acts of administrative punishment against the network information department; The network information department should carefully examine it, and if it finds any mistakes, it should take the initiative to correct them.

　　Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 55The time limit in these Provisions shall be calculated in hours and days, excluding the beginning hours and days. If the last day of expiration is a legal holiday, the date of expiration shall be the first day after the legal holiday. However, unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 56The "above", "below" and "inside" in these Provisions include this number and the corresponding level.

　　Article 57The national network information department is responsible for formulating the model format of administrative law enforcement related documents. The network information departments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may refer to the model document format, formulate the document format applicable to administrative law enforcement in their respective administrative regions and print it by themselves.

　　Article 58These Provisions shall come into force as of June 1, 2023. The Provisions on Administrative Law Enforcement Procedures for Internet Information Content Management (Order No.2 of the State Internet Information Office) promulgated on May 2, 2017 shall be abolished at the same time.

Next year! The Guangzhou Auto Show closes today, attracting 690,000 visitors for ten days

Jinyang Network News, reporter Zhang Aili reported: Today (25th), the 16th Guangzhou International Automobile Exhibition (hereinafter referred to as "Guangzhou Auto Show") closed, and the exhibition lasted ten days to attract a total of 690,000 visitors. The auto show focuses on the integrated development of electrification, intelligence and networking, and looks forward to a new era of continuous changes in travel patterns caused by new technologies such as electric drive, artificial intelligence and mobile Internet, and shows the beautiful vision of human beings for future car life in the new era of technological change.

Seven-seater cars attract much attention

On the day of the closing ceremony, the auto show site was still very popular, and around 12 noon, the crowd still lined up. The reporter saw that on weekends, many families went to battle with the whole family, especially with the release of the two-child policy, seven-seat SUVs and MPVs were more favored by consumers, and some parents brought their children to the auto show site for a real car experience.

作为年内压轴的大型综合性国际汽车展览会，广州车展吸引全球车企的目光，本届广州车展总规模达24万平方米，展车总数达1085台，其中全球首发车48台，跨国公司首发车6台，概念车28台，媒体日当天共举行84场新闻发布会，2473家海内外媒体的9971名记者参与报道展会盛况。

作为车企下一年战略规划的发布舞台，刚刚闭幕的2018年广州车展上智能网联炙手可热，几乎所有的自主品牌都将车载交互、智能网联作为主打特色，这种趋势甚至已经延伸到十万元以下的车型。

新能源汽车成为车市增长新动能

值得注意的是，以电动汽车为代表的新能源车辆技术已得到汽车行业的普遍认可。数据显示，2018年10月，国内新能源汽车市场销量13.8万辆，增幅达51%；1-10月销量86万辆，增幅高达75.6%；全年有望超过100万辆，销量达到全球的50%以上。新能源智能汽车已然走过发展的起步阶段，在国家政策的持续支持、技术的不断突破和产业链的逐渐完善下，正在迎来新一轮的爆发式增长期，并将成为中国汽车产业转型升级的新动能。

上述趋势在本届广州车展的展台布局以及新能源汽车的展车数量上得到集中体现。据组委会透露，本届车展，国内外参展车企共展出新能源汽车150台，其中国外企业展车44台，展会吸引到特斯拉、宝马、广汽、一汽、比亚迪等国内外主流电动汽车企业参展。

记者还从组委会了解到，第十七届广州国际汽车展览会将于2019年11月22日至12月1日（11月22日为媒体日）在中国进出口商品交易会展馆举办。

Legal experts can’t handle academic counterfeiting. Who will judge plagiarism？

　　When the duplicate checking report showed that the document copy ratio of the paper was over 50%, Yao Hongjun once thought that the plagiarism he wanted to report was "certain".

　　The associate professor of the School of Law of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law has been concerned that Hou Huaixia, the president of our school, is suspected of "plagiarism" for 9 years. The duplicate check report of China HowNet provided by him shows that the copy ratio of Hou’s doctoral thesis is 55% except his published literature, and the other five journal articles are 97.8%, 69.1%, 55.4%, 53.1% and 47.6% respectively.

　　Relying on these duplicate checking reports, he wrote a tip-off letter to the higher education authorities, reflected the situation with the schools involved, called the authors of journals and papers one by one, and posted on the Internet. The result was without exception.

　　The Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, where Hou Huaixia works, responded that it did not constitute academic misconduct, and China Ocean University, the alma mater who awarded him his doctorate, recognized it as "not minor plagiarism". A professor from the Academic Committee of Haida University made it clear that Hou’s paper was flawed, but it was by no means plagiarized. "The survey materials are informative, and we are always waiting to report to the relevant departments."

　　Yao Hongjun, who passed the judicial examination with a score of 272 and studied intellectual property law, was puzzled. In order to find out the facts, the information in his computer has been saved for several g’s, but it seems that the more information he has, the farther away he is from the truth.

　　In fact, not only Yao Hongjun, but also the experts who participated in the evaluation are faced with difficulties: there are errors in duplicate checking of HowNet, manual evaluation is not trusted, and there is no unified standard for academic plagiarism … …

　　Faced with this "plagiarism" appraisal, they are also thinking: when academic plagiarism is discussed overwhelmingly, what is the most accurate evaluation standard? Where is the boundary between plagiarism and non-plagiarism?

　　Experts "deny" the results of the duplicate checking system.

　　As a colleague, Yao Hongjun first paid attention to Hou Huaixia’s "suspected plagiarism" in May 2010. After reading a paper she published in a journal, he suddenly felt "some problems".

　　He has read many articles by Hou Huaixia. "She has published many articles in a wide range of fields, including litigation law, advertising law, environmental law, intellectual property rights, foreign investment and corporate responsibility, but her research direction is relatively fixed, and the research in the legal field has been subdivided in 2000." In Yao Hongjun’s view, such a "multi-faceted attack" by Hou Huaixia is basically impossible.

　　Yao Hongjun put many academic articles of Hou Huaixia into HowNet to check them again. Among them, Hou Huaixia’s doctoral thesis "Research on Environmental Rights and Their Relief in Private Law" is shown in the duplicate check report of HowNet, which coincides with the contents of 25 published papers.

　　According to the statistics of each chapter, the copy ratio of Hou Wen excluding his published literature is: preface 30.6%; The first chapter is 49.8%; Chapter II 54.1%; Chapter III 57%; Chapter IV 62.8%; Yao Hongjun calculated that, on the whole, the copy ratio of the whole article except my published literature is about 55%.

　　This report on duplicate checking of HowNet was generated in 2015, and Hou Huaixia passed the defense on June 6, 2008. The copied articles listed in the report also included some articles published after the publication of Hou Wen.

　　In order to "prevent errors", Yao Hongjun conducted a manual comparison. He circled the words in Hou Wen that were more similar to others. "The most conservative estimate is more than 60,000 words."

　　Hou Huaixia’s doctoral thesis has a total of more than 160,000 words. According to Yao Hongjun’s algorithm, these similarities account for at least 36% of this thesis.

　　In 2010, China Ocean University, where Hou Huaixia graduated, promulgated the Measures for Handling Academic Misconduct of Postgraduates of China Ocean University, in which Article 10 states: The whole paragraph with the same content accounts for more than 30% of the whole academic achievement, or the academic achievement of others is regarded as the main part or substantial part of his own academic achievement, which constitutes serious plagiarism; It accounts for 10% and is not the main innovation, which also constitutes mild plagiarism.

　　Official website from the Graduate School of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law shows that Hou Huaixia was admitted to China Ocean University in 2004, majoring in environmental planning and management (direction of environmental resources law). On June 6th, 2008, she finished her graduation thesis.

　　According to the duplicate checking report of HowNet provided by Yao Hongjun, another five journal articles of Hou Huaixia were also accused of plagiarism. Analysis of the Meaning of Monopoly published in 2004, Establishment and Perfection of China’s Credit System published in 2006, On the Environmental Rights in the Constitution and on the Commercial Subject Nature of Sole proprietorship Enterprises published in 2007, and On the Environmental Rights in Human Rights Law published in 2009, except for my published documents, these papers accounted for 53.1% and 69.1% respectively.

　　Yao Hongjun believes that these data show that plagiarism is a clear fact. However, the conclusion given by academic degree evaluation committee Office of China Ocean University is that Hou Huaixia’s doctoral thesis is not enough to constitute mild plagiarism; The conclusion of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law is that Hou Huaixia’s journal articles do not constitute academic misconduct.

　　This "fact" was also refuted by Hou Huaixia himself. She told China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter that copying is marked by common sense and laws and regulations, and she either directly quoted or indirectly used other people’s opinions. "This academic norm is allowed."

　　Hou Huaixia insisted: "I didn’t infringe and take other people’s things in any way. Whether I copied the current school has reached a conclusion. These conclusions are based."

　　She also said that one of the journal articles, "On the Commercial Subject Nature of Sole proprietorship Enterprises", was actually "copied by others, and I published the essays first". As for the specific information of this collection of essays, she said that "time is too long to remember."

　　"I don’t have those problems. If it really constitutes plagiarism, I am willing to bear any responsibility. " Hou Huaixia said.

　　Believe in machines or people?

　　Yao Hongjun couldn’t understand: "I also studied law. Isn’t it enough to confirm that the evidence in black and white is here?"

　　In his view, the high "copy ratio" is an irrefutable fact.

　　However, in the eyes of Li Qi, an expert who participated in the appraisal of Hou Huaixia’s thesis by the Academic Committee of China Ocean University, the figures in the duplicate checking report are not necessarily convincing.

　　Li Qi admitted that "Hou Huaixia’s paper is flawed", but he also stressed that "this is by no means plagiarism".

　　According to him, the duplicate checking of HowNet will mark the same sentences, but it can’t make a more subtle division. In particular, Hou’s doctoral thesis belongs to the category of law, which involves citing a large number of laws and regulations.

　　In his impression, Hou Wenzhong was reported the same part, covering popular science narrative, news reports, and related laws and regulations, which should be comprehensively judged according to the actual situation.

　　"Some historical summaries are sometimes inaccurate in their own words. It is better to directly quote existing statements." Li Qi said. "Checking the duplicate of HowNet cannot be used as the only criterion to judge academic plagiarism."

　　Since 2007, the problem of academic misconduct has been paid more and more attention. Some colleges and universities require that both master’s thesis and doctoral thesis need to be checked by CNKI, and only after passing the test can the thesis be defended. This requirement has subsequently been extended to the undergraduate stage.

　　Compared with manual screening, its database is huge, the screening standard is unified, and the working cycle is short. In the face of an increasing number of papers, it ensures the review speed, and it has gradually become an irreplaceable "first line of defense" for academic screening.

　　In 2012, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Measures for Handling False Dissertations, and in 2014, it promulgated the Measures for Sampling Doctoral Dissertations. Judging from Baidu’s search index, the search index of HowNet’s duplicate checking has increased since 2012.

　　However, even though HowNet duplicate checking is a relatively reliable duplicate checking tool in China at present, there is a certain difference between machine detection and human identification, and some disputes about academic problem identification often arise as a result.

　　Li Qi said that after the introduction of HowNet, academic circles often regard "copy ratio" as the only criterion to judge whether a paper is qualified or not. The problem is that many excellent papers are promoted on the basis of existing achievements, and there are outstanding innovations, but there may also be many similarities, which are easy to be copied and killed by this indicator; Others have found a shortcut — — You can have no opinion, but you should be able to package it in a fresh way.

　　In Li Qi’s view, on the one hand, HowNet does ensure the originality of the paper, but at the same time, it also "encircles the gentleman and lets go of the villain".

　　This loophole has been rigidly pegged by many people. In the market, a so-called "anti-knowledge network duplicate checking" became popular, and various paper detection systems came into being. Open Taobao, and the software that sells more than 550,000 pens a month can also provide "weight reduction" service.

　　Take this software, for example, it can automatically calculate the "weight reduction" price of the paper according to the duplicate check of the paper. If the demand is urgent, it will need to add more money after 24 hours of processing. During the graduation season, the price of the paper check and the "weight reduction" service in this shop rises sharply.

　　It has been concluded that those who attempt to plagiarize can avoid the duplicate checking of HowNet in various ways, while those who devote themselves to the creation may not pass because of citation problems.

　　"In the final analysis, the existence of the HowNet duplicate checking system is for convenience, not absolute." Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the China Academy of Educational Sciences, said, "Whether academic misconduct should be judged by professional organizations and professionals."

　　Xiong Wenzhao, a professor at the Law School of Minzu University of China who has paid attention to many academic plagiarism incidents, also agrees with this statement. He said that the similarity of the statistics of HowNet’s duplicate checking system can be used as a hint, and whether it constitutes plagiarism must be further identified and analyzed.

　　Among the numerous academic misconduct, most of the targets of academic counterfeiting come from obvious plagiarists who directly carry other people’s works. As a more subtle way, "soft" plagiarism is not easy to attract people’s attention.

　　Besides "softness", there is a broader category — — "Hidden" plagiarism. A student studying in a well-known domestic university revealed to the reporter of China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online that his graduation thesis co-authored with his tutor was "occupied" privately by his tutor: abbreviated as a short paper, and secretly published in a journal in his own name. The tutor explained that only one author appeared as a "periodical requirement"; However, the journal responded that "this situation is basically impossible".

　　Even for professional organizations and professionals, it is a difficult problem to identify and analyze plagiarism. For example, what can be the criterion for judging plagiarism in the middle zone where the boundaries are not clear?

　　Li Qi’s method is to judge whether the author has put forward a new point of view. But the problem is, "the opinion machine can’t recognize it and needs to rely on human evaluation. But people are hard to be trusted. "

　　They can only return to the software again, and the professor is helpless, "but the software can’t be error-free."

　　In fact, in foreign countries, screening papers mainly rely on such anti-plagiarism detection systems. Turnitin is the most widely used system in foreign universities.

　　Turnitin will compare the documents uploaded by users with the articles in the background database, calculate the proportion of similarity, and "original report" containing a lot of relevant information.

　　But this system has an extremely huge database: over ten thousand different periodicals and magazines, millions of books and tens of billions of web pages. It also adopts intelligent corpus technology — — Even if you rewrite the original, it will be exposed.

　　Can new technology detect old problems?

　　Liu Huirong, who was written by Hou Huaixia in his doctoral thesis "Thanks", is now the Party Secretary of the School of Law and Politics of China Ocean University. Hou Huaixia said that Liu is his friend, former leader and colleague, and he gave himself a lot of encouragement during his reading.

　　Liu Huirong told the China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter that in 2008, at that time, there was no means to check the defense in the college. The review of Hou’s thesis is the review of the content by the members of the defense team through several layers of comments.

　　"There was no problem at the time." She stressed.

　　In her view, the problem is the report itself. "Hou’s doctoral thesis was published in 2008, and the whistleblower was detected by HowNet’s duplicate checking software in 2015. This is to detect past articles with current software and standards."

　　She said that, firstly, the articles that HowNet detected as "reference" covered the articles published after Hou Wen’s publication, and it is hard to say who can learn from them; Secondly, the times are different, and it is not reasonable to trace and characterize the academic misconduct of past articles with the current standards. Even from a legal point of view, there is a saying that let bygones be bygones.

　　In 2009, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Guidelines for Academic Norms of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities. In fact, after being accused of plagiarism, there are always universities and parties who respond: "The published papers were published earlier than the various specifications."

　　Zhang Shiyou, a professor at the School of Politics of Chongqing Normal University, has been teaching for 21 years, and 10 papers have been accused of plagiarism. During this period, the title was promoted from lecturer to professor and transferred to another university. At least 8 of these papers "quoted" a large number of references at the end of the paper, and some almost all of them were composed of multiple references.

　　In this regard, Zhang Shiyou gave the statement that most of the reported papers were published before 2005. "Does it constitute so-called academic plagiarism or academic misconduct? It is really different from the standards 10 years ago."

　　Cai Hongying, dean of the School of Finance and Public Administration of Hubei University of Economics, was publicly reported for "academic misconduct". More than half of her two papers quoted other people’s published papers. The monographs published during her Ph.D. were similar to those published by others in some chapters, and two articles were suspected of being submitted for more than one manuscript.

　　However, the academic committee of the school decided that the publication time of Cai Hongying’s two papers was before the implementation of the regulations. At that time, the academic research management in the humanities and social sciences in colleges and universities across the country had not been fully standardized, and the phenomenon that the citations were not standardized was common, which was also allowed by the magazines that published the two papers. "There are academic problems that are not standardized, but they do not belong to ‘ Academic misconduct ’ Behavior. "

　　Although it has long been strange, in Xiong Wenzhao’s view, "old problems cannot be traced back with new technology", the key point is to distinguish whether the main criteria for judging plagiarism have not changed for a long time — — For example, no matter what period, large-scale overlap is not allowed.

　　"In the case of certain standards, this is just using new technologies to detect problems that have not been discovered before." He said.

　　Who is in charge of plagiarism or not?

　　As a member of the Academic Committee of China Ocean University, Li Qi remembers that after receiving the report materials, the school set up an expert group, but it was a "heavy workload" to study Dr. Hou Huaixia’s thesis.

　　From analyzing the paper to writing the report, Li Qi spent two whole days. Plus some procedures stipulated by the school, it took almost a month before and after.

　　He studied all the relevant domestic and foreign norms, but found that there are still many vague areas that cannot be covered by the provisions. He even created a set of evaluation criteria, holding the paper "word by word", but whether the paper is plagiarized is still "a very difficult thing to define".

　　"First of all, there is no regulation on plagiarism at home and abroad; Secondly, specific to each paper, hard standards do not work, depending on the situation. " He said that this process needs a lot of discussion and discussion, and there is no way to apply the duplicate checking system mechanically.

　　He said that the Academic Committee of China Ocean University was "independent" and had gone through all the necessary procedures as required. He himself did not keep the detailed analysis report of Hou’s thesis.

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online reporter contacted the Academic Committee of the Law School of China Ocean University, and the other party said that the relevant situation was in the charge of the discipline construction and degree management office of the graduate school, and no one answered the phone of the office.

　　However, such a review result, which made Li Qi struggle, was not recognized by the reporter Yao Hongjun.

　　For a long time, professors in colleges and universities have been accused of "plagiarism" and submitted to the academic Committee of the university for review, and the conclusions are mostly "over-quoted" or irregular, which has also been questioned as "demotion".

　　Xiong Bingqi, vice president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, believes that the independence of academic committee is very important to the review results.

　　At present, the scientific research departments under the academic committees of many universities in China, even independent institutions, may be interfered by administrative factors, and it is difficult to ensure that the review of reports is fair enough.

　　Moreover, identifying plagiarism is not just a difficult problem for colleges and universities. Many periodical articles reported by Yao Hongjun that Hou Huaixia was suspected of plagiarism were published before the publication of HowNet duplicate checking system.

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online reporter contacted Journal of Suzhou University and Journal of Zhengzhou University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), which Hou Huaixia had published.

　　As a core journal, Kang Jingkui, the editor of Journal of Suzhou University who was in charge of Hou Huaixia’s articles, said that according to the current processing method, the delivered articles were first screened by HowNet, and the copy ratio was less than 20% before entering the editing process. At that time, the screening process of publications provided opinions for preliminary duplicate checking and external audit experts, which were all passed, and then the editorial department typesetted according to the situation.

　　Today, Kang Jingkui can’t remember the specific duplicate checking operation at that time. He recalled to the China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter, "See if anyone else has sent similar articles before, whether it is more than one manuscript, and also look at the author’s academic background."

　　"Most of them are based on impression, according to the usual grasp of the manuscript". He said, "At best."

　　Su Wei, the head of the economics section of Journal of Zhengzhou University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), also gave a similar response.

　　"At that time, before the duplicate checking system appeared, there was simply no systematic duplicate checking." He explained that in general, the editorial department will search the full text of the submitted article on Baidu; After that, experts review, relying on experts’ familiarity with the author and the field, and sometimes intuition, to see if the article is inconsistent with the author’s professional title, education and research direction.

　　"We are also very difficult. If the author copies a whole book, it is difficult for us to know. " He repeatedly stressed, "It was really hard at that time."

　　"The biggest problem in the field of academic evaluation in China is non-standardization. First, the authors are not standardized, and second, academic journals are not standardized when publishing manuscripts." Chu Zhaohui said.

　　In this regard, Chu Zhaohui’s suggestion is to strengthen the construction of third-party evaluation institutions outside the school, so that third-party institutions can judge the facts, and then the school administrative department will impose penalties.

　　Difficult road to safeguarding rights

　　These mechanisms have not been established yet. As a whistleblower, Yao Hongjun said that he spent most of his time waiting for this report.

　　Since May 2015, he began to report the materials in his hand. More than a year passed, and Yao Hongjun and others came to the Letter of Notification of Investigation Conclusions made by academic degree evaluation committee Office of China Ocean University.

　　In December of the same year, Yao Hongjun began to report Hou Huaixia’s academic misconduct to the Shanghai University of Political Science and Law where Hou Huaixia worked. Unexpectedly, things dragged on for more than a year.

　　"Even according to the regulations, the processing period is at most 90 working days." Yao Hongjun said, in fact, Article 8 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Construction of the Style of Study of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law also states that after receiving the report, the school should formally organize personnel to conduct an investigation within 30 working days, and the investigation team should complete the stipulation of fact finding within 60 working days.

　　On June 9, 2017, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law gave the conclusion, which stated: "The establishment and perfection of China’s credit system" and "On the commercial subject nature of sole proprietorship enterprises" published by Hou Huaixia in the name of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law do not constitute academic misconduct. "

　　On July 5, 2017, Yao Hongjun applied to Shanghai University of Political Science and Law again, asking it to make the accreditation standards public and make a new accreditation.

　　This time, the school gave a quick answer. Two weeks later, Yao Hongjun received the results, saying, "Re-appraisal is tantamount to repeating procedures and appraisals, wasting resources, and the academic committee of the university will not accept this application for review", but it did not respond to the requirements of the public accreditation standards.

　　Yao Hongjun, who studies law, can’t recognize such a result, and he still wants an "absolute truth".

　　According to the Science and Engineering Index released by the National Science Foundation in 2018, China surpassed the United States for the first time in the number of published papers, but the citation rate of American papers was higher. According to the statistics of AEIC Academic Exchange Center, last year, there were 15 publicly discussed plagiarism incidents in Chinese universities, among which there were many first-class universities in China.

　　This is also one of the reasons why he insisted on reporting. In Yao Hongjun’s view, figuring out the vague areas of Hou Huaixia’s papers is not only related to individuals, but also related to the overall standards of academic evaluation in China.

　　"In the school of political science and law, especially among doctors of law, all standards and rules, even hidden rules, can be discussed." He said.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Li Qi and Su Wei are pseudonyms.)

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online Reporter Wang Jingshuo Intern Guo Xiaoyang An Fengyi

Little is known why Yang Ying decided to call her Angelababy

　　Among all the stars in the Chinese mainland, only Angelababy became the only one who became famous in English.

　　Many people are familiar with the name Angelababy, but they are unfamiliar with the name Yang Ying.

　　So why is Yang Ying called Angelababy? How did this name become popular?

　　Angelababy was born in Shanghai on February 28, 1989. She is of Chinese-German descent and her Chinese name is Yang Ying. She is a true Chinese.

　　Angela (Angela) is a woman’s name. Zhang Shaohan’s English name is Angela Zhang, and Li Xiang’s daughter’s English name is Angela, which is also the name of a Japanese animation singer group. Baby means baby, in addition to calling children, you can also call your beloved. Angel is the English of "angel", and AngelaBaby is connected together, which means "angel baby".

　　Angelababy’s English name was Angela when she was a child, but her classmates thought the three sounds of the name were too difficult to pronounce, and she had Baby Fat, so they were all called Baby. When she hosted the Disney show, she used Angela back, and later didn’t want everyone to confuse her name, so they combined to become the current angelababy.

　　Afterwards, she made her debut as a model and turned her acting career to the big screen in 2007. She grew up step by step, becoming increasingly known as angelababy.

　　In recent years, her popularity has skyrocketed and her career has blossomed: she has been in the top 100 of the Forbes China Celebrity List for three consecutive years, and she has attended international events such as Paris Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week, and the Venice International Film Festival.

　　After Angelababy became famous, the Chinese name Yang Ying was rarely used. The media and fans only remembered the name Angelababy, and for convenience, everyone called her baby.

　　Angelababy smiled and said, "But I still like my family to call me by my real name, Yang Ying, in Shanghai dialect. It feels the most cordial!"

　　Now she and Huang Xiaoming are happily together, and on January 17, 2017, they ushered in a new life together. From then on, 1 + 1 = 3.

5.9S breaks 100, ＂Domestic Small Steel Cannon＂ Lynk 03 + is coming soon! Will you have the impulse to spend？

Honda Civic, Volkswagen Golf, such as the magic car small steel cannon, I believe you are not unfamiliar with, they are all joint venture Internet celebrity cars with their own topics, and as China’s Internet celebrity car Lynk 03 from birth to the public is also very imposing. From the Fuji track in Japan invited Tsukiya and other big coffee to attend and stand for its platform, to the TCR racing car achieved excellent results in the WTRC arena, as a model mainly attacking the compact sedan market, Lynk 03 has high hopes. So what kind of surprise will the arrival of the Chinese brand high-performance model Lynk 03 + bring you? A few days ago, Convex Jun was invited by the same Lingke Center in Hefei to take a fresh shot of this Chinese small steel cannon Lingke 03 + with its own modifications. Let’s take a look at it in detail.

What changes and highlights did Lynk & Co 03 + bring this time?

Combat design is personalized

Is the Lynk & Co 03 + expected to sell for 250,000 yuan expensive?

What is the significance of Lynk & Co’s 03 +?

Write at the end:

The arrival of Lynk & Co 03 +, the "first performance car of a Chinese brand", is still significant for Chinese brands, and its appearance will certainly enhance the brand perception of the entire Chinese auto industry. For consumers, its appearance will undoubtedly provide new choices for young consumers. Let’s wait and see if Lynk & Co 03 + will become the new favorite in the car market!

Chen Hu： NATO’s eastward expansion involves countries getting closer and closer to China (Figure)

　　On May 6, soldiers from Georgia and NATO listened to a military exercise at the Wajani military base near Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. Georgia’s Ministry of Defence announced on May 6th that participants from some NATO member countries and partner countries have started military exercises in Georgia. Xinhua News Agency/Reuters

　　On May 6, a Georgian soldier (right) and a Turkish soldier exchanged military exercises at the Wajani military base near Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia.

　　An exotic exercise we need to pay attention to.

　　Today I want to talk with you about NATO’s military exercises in Georgia.

　　On May 11th, NATO held the launching ceremony of a military exercise in Georgia. The exercise was divided into two parts, one called "Cooperation Longbow 09" and the other called "Cooperation Lancer 09". This military exercise lasted for a long time, from May 6th to June 3rd, nearly one month. Around this military exercise, the media reported earlier that the United States, NATO and Russia had a series of wrestling movements. These actions have attracted a lot of international attention. However, I noticed that in our country, especially among military enthusiasts and netizens, it did not cause particularly great repercussions, and everyone’s attention was not very high. Why is this happening? Perhaps everyone feels that this is normal, because in recent years, the United States, NATO and Russia have often struggled and wrestled, and everyone is used to it. On the other hand, most people may feel that this happened in Europe, which is very close to Russia and far from China, so they feel that this military exercise is not within the scope of concern. In fact, although this matter is far away from us geographically, it is not completely irrelevant to us, but needs our high attention.

　　Unlike NATO exercises

　　We can look at the countries participating in the military exercise, including the United States, Canada, Albania, Croatia, Spain, Britain, Greece, Hungary, Turkey, Czech Republic, United Arab Emirates, Georgia and Ukraine. Several other countries also wanted to participate at first, but later refused. These countries are Armenia, Latvia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Serbia. From the list of such a country, it can be seen that although this military exercise claims to be a NATO exercise, the taste of NATO is not very heavy. The main European countries in NATO, such as Germany, France and Italy, did not participate, and the relevant people in Germany also publicly expressed their opposition. Conversely, a considerable number of countries participating in this military exercise are republics of the former Soviet Union, such as Georgia and Ukraine; There are also some former Warsaw Pact countries, such as Hungary and the Czech Republic, and even some Gulf countries, such as the United Arab Emirates.

　　Looking at these participating countries, we simply don’t feel that this is a NATO military exercise, but more like a multi-regional and multi-national military exercise led by the United States. Some of these countries are very close to us. Although Kazakhstan rejected the exercise, it was actually included in the original plan, and Kazakhstan is already our close neighbor.

　　After reading these, we will have a feeling, is NATO today still the original NATO? The full name of NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Open the map and have a look. The North Atlantic is the two sides of the northern Atlantic, with North America on one side and Europe on the other. Now, we can see that the participating countries are far more than these two regions. NATO has actually come to our doorstep. For example, in the ongoing Afghan war, NATO is actually one of the parties in the war, and it has reached the border areas of China. Judging from the current situation, NATO’s eastward expansion is far from taking Russia as its border. If it goes further, it will approach China’s doorstep. Some analysts believe that NATO’s eastward expansion may have been pushed all the way to West Asia, and even East Asia can see "shadow NATO" (which actually refers to the military alliance of the United States, Japan and South Korea). Therefore, although this military exercise was held in Tbilisi, Georgia, and its geographical location is far away from us, the countries involved are getting closer and closer to China. NATO is already a military force that we should pay close attention to.

　　"Wolf Coming" Outlines American Strategy

　　On the surface, these things have happened frequently in recent years, and the outside world may feel accustomed to it. Shout "Wolf" every day! The wolf is coming! " It seems to be a normal thing that the wolf has never come. But I think in the international strategic game, this way is exactly what big countries are used to: that is, through activities that have never touched the bottom line and caused conflicts, a normal state has been formed for everyone. For example, this military exercise, if Russia does not make a series of reactions, then coming down once, twice and three times will actually become the default or recognition of this reality. Once this happens, the strategic intention of the leading country in the military exercise can be realized peacefully and easily.

　　You may also feel that the current NATO is not the NATO of the past, and the current NATO has become a tool for the United States to promote its global strategy to some extent. The military exercise under the name of NATO is far from NATO’s military exercise during the Cold War. From the participating countries of this exercise, we can vaguely see a sphere of influence outlined by the United States.

　　For more than half a century from the end of World War II to the end of the Cold War, Europe was the most stable region in the world. But after the cold war, Europe has become the most turbulent and changeable region in the world. As long as you open the map, you can see that from the end of the Cold War to today, the changes in the map of Europe are the most dramatic among all regions in the world.

　　The United States has always regarded itself as the winner of the cold war, and now it is trying to digest the achievements of the cold war and at the same time to further expand. In fact, this military exercise reflects the blueprint of its future sphere of influence in the eyes of Americans. This blueprint has been extended not only to the former Soviet republics and the former Warsaw Pact countries, but also to the Gulf region and even to West Asia. If we contact the so-called "shadow NATO" in East Asia, we can also feel the impact of this power expansion on Asia and East Asia.

　　It is too early to talk about the decline of the United States.

　　Many people say that after the end of the cold war, the United States seems to have been going badly. From a series of events such as the September 11th incident, the Afghan war and the Iraq war, some people say that the United States is on the decline. Actually, whether it is the rise of a big country or the decline of a big country, it is a long process. I’m afraid it’s too early to conclude that the superpower of the United States is on the decline.

　　On the contrary, at least Americans or American strategic decision makers believe that American power is at its peak. Because they have just won a "cold war" victory that lasted for more than half a century. After winning, the United States will continue to move forward and try to win in a wider range. Then in this larger scope, we can vaguely feel it in this NATO military exercise in Georgia. Therefore, this military exercise should be said to contain too many subtext.

　　From a military point of view, the significance of this military exercise is not great. It is very difficult for so many countries to hold a substantive military exercise, because the organization is quite difficult. Moreover, the actual number of officers and men participating in the competition is only over 1,000, which is out of proportion to the number of participating countries. But military weakness does not mean political weakness. Therefore, although the military significance of this military exercise is limited, its political significance is extraordinary. It gives us a sketch, or reveals a world map in the minds of American strategic decision makers in the future. This pace of expansion in the United States is bound to bring pressure and threats to other countries, and it is bound to trigger vigilance and rebound in other countries.